|
|predecessore4 = Jim Guy Tucker
|successore4 = Steve Clark
|alma_mater = [[Georgetown University]] (B.S.)<br>[[Oxford University]]<br>[[Yale University]] (J.D.)
|partito=[[Partito Democratico (Stati Uniti)|Democratico]] <small>(dal 1973)</small>
|tendenza=centrista, [[Democratic Leadership Council|DLC]]
==Anni universitari==
[[File:Clinton at Georgetown 1967.jpg|right|upright|thumb|Clinton ransi forcandidò Presidentcome ofPresidente thedel StudentConsiglio CouncilStudentesco whilementre attendingfrequentava the School of Foreign Service atla [[Georgetown University]].]]
WithCon thel'aiuto aiddi ofborse di scholarshipsstudio, Clinton attendedfrequentò thela [[''Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service]]'' atpresso la [[Georgetown University]] ina [[Washington,]] D.C.,ottenendo receiving anel [[List1968]] ofla taggedLaurea in degrees|Diplomazia (''Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service]] (B.S.'') degree in 1968. HePassò spentl'estate the summer ofdel [[1967,]] the summer before his senior year,come [[interntirocinio|tirocinante]]ing forpresso Arkansasil [[UnitedSenatore Statesdell'Arkansas Senate|Senator]] [[J. William Fulbright]]. <ref name="My Life" /> WhileDurante inil college, hedivenne becameconfratello adella brother of [[''Alpha Phi Omega]]'' ande wasfu electedeletto tomembro [[della ''Phi Beta Kappa]]''. ClintonSi wasassociò also a member of the Order ofanche all'[[DeMolayOrdine di International|DeMolay]], aun youthgruppo groupgiovanile affiliatedaffiliato withalla Freemasonry,[[massoneria]] butma henon neverdivenne becamemai aun [[Freemasonrymassoneria|Freemasonmassone]]. <ref>{{citecita web |url=http://www.demolay.org/aboutdemolay/halloffame_bio.php?hofid=18 |titletitolo=Bill Clinton Inducted May|data= 1, Maggio 1988 |publishereditore=DeMolay |accessdateaccesso=August2 30,gennaio 20112013}}</ref> HeÈ istuttora amembro memberdella ofconfraternita [[''Kappa Kappa Psi]] honorary band fraternity''.<ref>''{{citecita web|url=http://www.kkpsi.org/prominentmembers.asp |titletitolo=Prominent Members |publishereditor=Kappa Kappa Psi |accessdateaccesso=August2 30,Gennaio 20112013| archiveurlurlarchivio= http://web.archive.org/web/20110716182330/http://www.kkpsi.org/prominentmembers.asp| archivedatedataarchivio= July 16, 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
UponDopo graduationla laurea, hevinse wonuna aborsa [[di studio (la ''Rhodes Scholarship]]'') toper l'[[UniversityUniversità College,di Oxford]] wheredove heha studiedstudiato [[PhilosophyFilosofia, PoliticsScienza andpolitica Economics]],ed thougheconomia because(''PPE''). heNon hadottenne switchedla programslaurea andperché hadsi lefttrasferì earlyall'[[Università fordi Yale]] University,prima hedella didfine notdel receivecorso. a degree there.<ref name="First In His Class" /><ref>{{CiteCita news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/09/world/oxford-journal-whereas-he-is-an-old-boy-if-a-young-chief-honor-him.html |titlelingua=inglese|titolo=Oxford Journal; Whereas, He Is an Old Boy, If a Young Chief, Honor Him|lastcognome=Dowd|firstnome=Maureen|workeditore=The New York Times |accessdateaccesso=July2 17, 2009gennaio 2013| datedata=June 9, Giugno 1994}}</ref> HeSviluppò developedun annotevole interestinteresse inper il [[rugby uniona 15|rugby]], playinggiocando atprima a Oxford <ref>{{citecita booklibro|titlelingua=inglese|titolo=''Rugby Union for Dummies'' |authorsautori=Cain, Nick & Growden, Greg |chaptercapitolo=21: Ten Peculiar Facts about Rugby |pagepageina=297 |editionedizione=2 |publishereditore=John Wiley and Sons|___locationcittà= [[Chichester]], England |ISBN= 978-0-470-03537-5}}</ref>e andpoi later for theal ''Little Rock Rugby club'' in Arkansas. While atAd Oxford hepartecipò alsoalle participatedproteste incontro [[Vietnam War]]la [[Oppositionguerra to thedel Vietnam War|protests]], ande organizednell'Ottobre an October 1969del [[Moratorium1969]] toorganizzò Endegli thestesso Warun inevento Vietnam|Moratorium]]di eventprotesta.<ref name="My Life" />
Clinton'sGli politicaloppositori opponentspolitici chargedi thatClinton tolo avoidaccusano beingdi [[Conscription|drafted]]aver intosfruttato the [[Vietnam War]]l'influenza duringpolitica hisdi collegeun yearsSenatore, heche usedlo theha politicalassunto influence of a U.S.come Senatorassistente, whoper employedevitare him as an [[Congressional staff|aide]]l'arruolamento.<ref>{{citecita web|lingus=inglese|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/clinton/etc/draftletter.html |titletitolo=Bill Clinton's Draft Letter |workopera=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] | publishereditore=PBS |datedata=November 23, Novembre 1991 |accessdateaccesso=August2 30,gennaio 20112013}}</ref> Col.Il Colonnello Eugene Holmes, anun Armyufficiale officerdell'[[esercito whostatunitense|esercito]] wascoinvolto involvednel incaso Clinton's case, issueddurante ala campagna presidenziale del [[notarize1992]]d statementrilasciò during the 1992una presidentialdichiarazione campaignautenticata: "IFui wasinformato informeddai byresponsabili thedell'arruolamento draftche boardera thatinteresse itdel was of interest to SenatorSenatore Fullbright's office thatche Bill Clinton, afosse Rhodesammesso Scholar,al shouldprogramma bedi admittedaddestramento toper theufficiali [[(ROTC]] program)... ICredo believeche thatmi heabbiamo purposelydi deceivedproposito me,ingannato usingusando thela possibilitypossibilità ofdi joiningunirsi theal ROTC ascome auno ploystratagemma toper worklavorare withcon thei draftresponsabili boarddell'arruolamento toal delayfine hisdi inductionritardare andla sua investitura e getriuscire a newottenere draftuna classificationnuova classificazione d'arruolamento." <ref name="Morris1999">{{citecita booklibro|lastlingua=inglese|cognome=Morris|firstnome=Roger|title=Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Vq96BQV5lF4C&pg=PA100|accessdateaccesso=August 17, Agosto 2011|datedata=April 25, April 1999|publishereditore=Regnery Publishing|isbn=978-0-89526-302-5|pagepagina=100}}</ref><ref name="Metcalf2002">{{citecita booklibro|lastlingua=inglese|cognome=Metcalf|firstnome=Geoffrey M.|titletitolo=In the Arena: Geoff Metcalf Interviews With Doers of Deeds|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_pcTJ0uTg_gC&pg=PA561|accessdateaccesso=August 17, Agosto 2011|datedata=November 28, Novembre 2002|publishereditore=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-25752-2|pagepagina=561}}</ref> AlthoughSebbene legallegali, le azioni di Clinton's actionsfurono werecontestate criticizeddai byconservatori conservativese andda alcuni veterani somedel Vietnam veteransdurante duringla hissua presidentialcampagna campaignelettorale indel 1992.<ref>{{citecita web|authorautore=John D. Dennison |url=http://www.1stcavmedic.com/bill-clinton-draft.htm |titletitolo=Clinton's Draft Avoidance |publishereditore=1stcavmedic.com |accessdateaccesso=August6 6,Agosto 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citecita web|url=http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/greenberg013105.asp |titletitolo=The Old Man |authorautore=Paul Greenberg |publishereditore=Jewishworldreview.com |datedata=January 31, Gennaio 2005 |accessdateaccesso=August 30, Agosto 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citecita web|url=http://25thaviation.org/facts/id1129.htm |authorautore=John D. Dennison |titletitolo=The Vietnam Draft |publishereditore=25thaviation.org |accessdateaccesso=August6 6,Agosto 2009}}</ref>
AfterDopo Oxford, Clinton attendedfrequentò [[la ''Yale Law School]] and earned a'' dell'[[JurisUniversità Doctordi Yale]], (J.D.)e degreeottenne la laurea in Giurisprudenza nel [[1973]].<ref name="First In His Class" /> In a Yale libraryNel[[1971]] in 1971una hebiblioteca metdella fellowfacoltà law studentincontrò [[Hillary Rodham Clinton|Hillary Rodham]], whoanche waslei astudentessa yeardi aheadlegge, ofun anno più avanti di himlui.<ref name="HRCBio">{{citecita web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first-ladies/hillaryclinton |titlelingua=inglese|titolo=Hillary Rodham Clinton |publishereditore=The White House |accessdateaccesso=August 26, Agosto 2011| archiveurlurlarchivio= http://web.archive.org/web/20110724141126/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first-ladies/hillaryclinton| archivedatedataarchivio= July24 24,Luglio 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> TheyIniziarono begana datingfrequentarsi, ande soondopo werepoco inseparable.tempo Afterdivennero onlyinseparabili. aboutDopo acirca monthun mese, Clinton postponedpospose hisi planssuoi topiani beper adiventare coordinatore della coordinatorcampagna forpresidenziale thedi [[George McGovern presidential campaign, 1972|McGovern campaign]] forper thetrasferirsi [[Unitedcon States presidential election, 1972|1972 United States presidential election]] in order to move in with herlei in California. <ref>{{CiteCita news |lingua=inglese|url=http://www.nysun.com/national/clintons-berkeley-summer-of-love/66982/ |titletitolo=The Clintons' Berkeley Summer of Love |authorautore=Gerstein, Josh |workopera=The New York Sun |datedata=November26 26,Novembre 2007 |accessdateaccesso=May9 9,Maggio 2009}}</ref> TheySi later married on Octobersposarono l'[[11, Ottobre]] [[1975,]] ande theirla onlyloro childunica figlia, [[Chelsea Clinton|Chelsea]], wasnacque born on Februaryil [[27, Febbraio]] [[1980]].<ref name="HRCBio" />
ClintonAlla didfine eventuallyClinton movesi totrasferì in Texas withinsieme Rodhama toHillary takeper aassumere jobun leadingruolo [[Georgedi McGovern|McGovern]]'sprimo effortpiano thereper inla 1972campagna presidenziale di McGovern. HePassò spentparecchio considerabletempo time ina [[Dallas]], atpresso theil campaign'squartiere localgenerale headquartersdella oncampagna a Lemmon Avenue, wheredove heaveva hadun an officeufficio. There,Qui Clinton workedlavorò withinsieme futureal two-termfuturo [[Listsindaco of mayors ofdi Dallas|mayor of Dallas]], [[Ron Kirk]], futurealla futura [[List of Governorsgovernatore ofdel Texas|governorGovernatrice ofdel Texas]], [[Ann Richards]], ande thenall'allora unknownsconosciuto television director (and future filmmaker)regista [[Steven Spielberg]].
==PoliticalCarriera careerpolitica 1978–1992==
{{Further|Electoral history of Bill Clinton}}
===Governor ofGovernatore dell'Arkansas===
AfterDopo graduatingessersi fromlaureato a Yale , Lawnel School,[[1973]] Clinton returnedtornò toin Arkansas ande becamedivenne aprofessore lawdi professor at theLegge all'[[ University ofUniversità dell'Arkansas]]. A yearL'anno latersuccessivo, hesi rancandidò forper thela [[ UnitedCamera Statesdei HouseRappresentanti of(Stati RepresentativesUniti d'America)| HouseCamera ofdei RepresentativesRappresentanti]] in 1974. TheL'allora incumbentRappresentante, Republicanil repubblicano [[John Paul Hammerschmidt ]], defeatedsconfisse Clinton inottenendo theil general52% electiondei byvoti a 52%contro toi 48% margindell'avversario. WithCon onlypoche minoropposizioni oppositiondurante inle theprimarie primarye andnessuna noopposizione oppositiondi atfatto allnell'elezione ingenerale, the general election,<ref name=AllPolitics1>{{ citecita news |lingua=inglese|url=http://cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/political.career.shtml | newspaperquotidiano=CNN: AllPolitics | titletitolo=Bill Clinton Political Career | yearanno=1997 | accessdateaccesso= August30 30,Agosto 2011| urlarchivio archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110719145720/http://cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/political.career.shtml| archivedatedataarchivio= July 19 , Luglio 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Clinton wasfu electedeletto [[ Arkansas Attorney Generalgeneral]] inper l'[[Arkansas]] nel [[1976 ]].<ref name="First In His Class" /> ▼{{Further|Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978|Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980|Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982}}
▲After graduating from Yale Law School, Clinton returned to Arkansas and became a law professor at the [[University of Arkansas]]. A year later, he ran for the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] in 1974. The incumbent, Republican [[John Paul Hammerschmidt]], defeated Clinton in the general election by a 52% to 48% margin. With only minor opposition in the primary and no opposition at all in the general election,<ref name=AllPolitics1>{{cite news |url=http://cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/political.career.shtml |newspaper=CNN: AllPolitics |title=Bill Clinton Political Career |year=1997 |accessdate=August 30, 2011| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110719145720/http://cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/political.career.shtml| archivedate= July 19, 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Clinton was elected [[Arkansas Attorney General]] in 1976.<ref name="First In His Class" />
[[File:Bill Clinton 1978.jpg|thumb|left|Clinton, ascome the newly electednuovo [[Governor ofGovernatore dell'Arkansas]], meetingincontra withil PresidentPresidente [[Jimmy Carter]] in [[1978]]]]
Clinton wasfu electedeletto [[Governor ofGovernatore dell'Arkansas]] innel [[1978]], havingsconfiggendo defeatedil thecandidato Republicanrepubblicano candidate [[Lynn Lowe]], aagricoltore farmerdi from [[Texarkana, Arkansas|Texarkana]]. HeAll'età becamedi the32 youngestanni, governordivenne inil thepiù countrygiovane atgovernatore 32del paese. DueA tocausa hisdella youthfulsua appearanceetà, Clinton wasveniva oftenspesso called thechiamato "Boy Governor", a(''Governatore referentbambino''). that continues to be used to refer to him during his gubernatorial era on occasion.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/12/opinion/12wed4.html |title=Bill and Hillary Clinton's Pitch in Iowa: 'I Love the '90s' |newspaper=The New York Times |author=Adam Cohen |date=December 12, 2007 |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Boy Clinton: The Political Biography |author=R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr. |publisher=Eagle Publishing |url=http://books.google.com/?id=rLSJ5oJG3fcC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=Clinton+%22Boy+Governor%22#v=onepage&q=Clinton%20%22Boy%20Governor%22&f=false |isbn=978-0-89526-439-8 |year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/27/us/little-rock-hopes-clinton-presidency-will-put-its-dogpatch-image-to-rest.html |title=Little Rock Hopes Clinton Presidency Will Put Its Dogpatch Image to Rest |author=Michael Kelly |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 27, 1992 |accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref> HeLavorò workedsulla onriforma educationaldel reformsistema andeducativo Arkansas'se roadssul miglioramento del sistema stradale, withcon wifela moglie Hillary leadingche apresiedeva successfuluna committeecommissione onsulle urbanriforme healthdel caresistema reformsanitario urbano. HoweverTuttavia, histra termle includedsue anmisure unpopularbisogna motorricordare vehiclel'impopolare taxtassa andsui citizens'veicoli angera overmotore thee la rabbia dei cittadini per escapela offuga del [[Cuba1980]]n refugeesdi (from therifugiati [[Mariel boatliftCuba|cubani]]) detaineddetenuti ina [[Fort Chaffee]] in 1980.(vedi [[MonroeEsodo Schwarzlosedi Mariel]]. ofNelle [[Kingsland,primarie Arkansas|Kingsland]] indel [[Cleveland County, Arkansas|Cleveland County1980]], polledsconfisse 31%l'avversario ofMonroe theSchwarzlose, voteche againstcomunque Clintonottenne inil the31% Democraticdei gubernatorialvoti. primaryCiò offu 1980.visto Someda suggestedalcuni Schwarzlose'scome unexpectedpresagio voterdella turnoutsconfitta foreshadoweddi Clinton's defeatnelle inelezioni thedi generalquell'anno, electionvinte that yeardallo bysfidante [[UnitedPartito StatesRepubblicano Republican(Stati PartyUniti)|RepublicanRepubblicano]] challenger [[Frank D. White]]. AsCome Clintonscherzò onceuna jokedvolta lo stesso Clinton, heera wasdiventato theil youngestpiù giovane ex-governorGovernatore innella thestoria nation'sdella historynazione.<ref name="First In His Class" />
Dopo la sconfitta, Clinton joinedsi friendunì all'amico [[Bruce Lindsey]]'s Littlenel Rocksuo lawstudio firmlegale ofdi Wright,Little Lindsey and JenningsRock.<ref>{{citecita web |titletitolo=Bill Clinton Timeline |authorautore=Jonathan W. Nicholsen |url=http://www.timeline-help.com/bill-clinton-timeline.html |publishereditore=Timeline Help |accessdateaccesso=August 30, Agosto 2011}}</ref> InNel [[1982,]] hevenne wasnuovamente againeletto electedgovernatore, governore andquesta keptvolta thismantenne jobl'incarico forper ten10 yearsanni.<ref name=AllPolitics1 /> HeContinuò helpedil Arkansaslavoro transformdi itsmiglioramento economydel andsistema significantlyscolastico improvee thepromosse stateriforme per trasformare l'seconomia educationaldello systemstato. HeDivenne becameuna afigura leadingdi figurespicco amongtra thei [[Newcosiddetti Democrats]]''Nuovi democratici'', più spostati verso il centro.<ref name= 'The Natural'>{{CiteCita booklibro|lastcognome=Klein |firstnome=Joe |titletitolo=The Natural: The Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clinton |publishereditore=Doubleday |yearanno=2002 |isbn=0-7679-1412-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=127&subid=173&contentid=252794 |titletitolo=Bill Clinton, New Democrat |publishereditore=DLC |datedata=July 25, Luglio 2004 |accessdateaccesso=August 30, Agosto 2010}}</ref> TheI New''Nuovi Democratsdemocratici'', organizedorganizzati as thenel [[Democratic Leadership Council|Democratic Leadership Council]] (DLC)]], werecostituivano aun branchramo ofdel thePartito DemocraticDemocratico Partyche thatsosteneva calledla fornecessità welfaredi reformriforme anddel smallerwelfare government,e ala policyriduzione supporteddell'intervento bystatale. bothScrisse Democratsla andrisposta Republicans.del HePartito gaveDemocratico theal [[DemocraticDiscorso responsesullo toStato the State of the Union address|Democratic responsedell'Unione]] to President Reagan'sdel [[1985]] Statedel ofPresidente the[[Ronald Union AddressReagan]] ande servedfu aseletto ChairPresidente of thedella [[''National Governors Association]]'' from(Associazione Nazionale Governatori) del [[1986]] toal [[1987]], bringingestendendo himil tosuo ancampo audienced'azione beyondal di là dell'Arkansas.<ref name="First In His Class" /> ClintonDurante madeil economicsuo growthperiodo di governo, jobstabilì creationcome andpriorità educationalla improvementcrescita higheconomica, prioritiesla creazione di posti di lavoro e il miglioramento del sistema educativo. ForPer [[seniorgli citizens]]anziani, herimosse removedle thetasse [[salessui tax]]medicinali frome medicationsaumentò andle increasedesenzioni thealla hometassa property-taxsulla exemptioncasa.<ref name="The Natural" />
InAll'inizio thedegli earlyanni 1980s'80, Clinton madefocalizzò reformla ofpropria theattenzione Arkansassul educationsistema systemscolastico. aFormò top priority. Thela ''Arkansas Education Standards Committee,'' chaired(Comitato byper Clinton'sgli wife,standard attorneyeducativi anddell'Arkansas), [[Legalpresieduto Servicesdalla Corporation]]moglie chair [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]], succeededche inriuscì reforminga theriformare educationil systemsistema educativo, transformingtrasformandolo itdal frompeggiore thenegli worstUSA inad theuno nationdei intomigliori. one of the best.Questo Manyè haveda consideredmolti thisconsiderato theil greatestpiù achievementgrande ofsuccesso thedi Clinton governorshipcome governatore. ClintonI andprincipali thepunti committeedella wereriforma responsibleerano forl'aumento statedella educationalspesa improvementper programsle scuole, notablyil moremiglioramento spendingdelle for schools,opportunità risingper opportunitiesi forbambini giftedparticolarmente childrendotati, anla increasemaggiore inpossibilità vocationaldi education,scelta raisingnella ofcarriera teachersscolastica, l'aumento salaries,dei inclusionsalari ofdegli ainsegnanti, widerl'aumento varietydei ofcorsi coursesdisponibili, ande compulsorytest d'insegnamento teacherobbligatori testingper forgli aspiringaspiranti educatorsinsegnanti.<ref name="First In His Class" /><ref name="The Natural" /> HeIn defeatedtotale, fourha Republicansconfitto candidates4 forcandidati governorgovernatore Repubblicani: Lowe (nel [[1978)]], White (nel [[1982]] ande nel [[1986]]), andl'uomo businessmend'affari [[Woody Freeman]] of ([[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro1984]], (1984) ande [[Sheffield Nelson]] of(nel Little Rock ([[1990]]).<ref name=AllPolitics1 />
TheDurante gli anni Clintons'80 personaltra andgli businessaffari affairsprivati duringe thepersonali 1980sdei includedClinton transactionstroviamo thatle becametransazioni theche basisdivennero ofpoi thela base dello [[WhitewaterScandalo controversy|Whitewater]] investigationche infestò thati doggedsuoi hisultimi lateranni presidentialdi administrationpresidenza.<ref name="Clinton Wars">{{CiteCita booklibro|lastlingua=inglese|cognome=Blumenthal |firstnome=Sidney |titletitolo=The Clinton Wars |publishereditore=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |editionedizione=1stprima |yearanno=2003 |isbn= 0-374-12502-3}}</ref> AfterDopo extensiveuna investigationlarga overinvestigazione severaldurata yearsdiversi anni, nonon indictmentsfu wereformalizzata madealcuna againstaccusa thecontro Clintonsi relatedClinton toriguardo thegli yearsanni in Arkansas.<ref name="First In His Class" /><ref name="The Survivor">{{CiteCita booklibro|lingua=inglese|lastcognome= Harris |firstnome=John F. |titletitolo=The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House |publisher=Random House Trade Paperbacks |yearanno=2006 |editionedizione=1stprima |isbn= 0-375-76084-9 }}</ref>
AccordingSecondo toalcune some sourcesfonti, Clinton wasera inun hisoppositore early years adella [[Capitalpena punishment|deathdi penaltymorte]] opponentche whopoi switchedcambiò positionsopinione.<ref name = "mbsrgd" /><ref>{{citecita web|lingua=inglese|url=http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=bill_clintons_death_penalty_waffle_|titletitolo=Bill Clinton's Death Penalty Waffle – and Why It's Good News for Execution's Foes|authorautore=Alexander Nguyen, Alexander|datedata=July 14, Luglio 2000|accessdatedataaccesso=August 30, Agosto 2010|workopera=[[The American Prospect]]|quotecitazione=InDagiovane, hisClinton earlyera days,un Clintonoppositore opposeddella thepena deathdi penaltymorte. AndE whilementre helui ande hisla wifemoglie Hillary Rodham Clinton wereinsegnavano bothentrambi teachingalla atLaw theSchool University ofdell'Università dell'Arkansas Law School, shelei wrotescrisse anun appellatebreve briefappello thatche helped saveaiutò a mentallysalvare retardedun manuomo fromcon executionproblemi mentali dall'esecuzione. "Clinton wasera againstcontro thela deathpena penaltydi morte," saysdice l'avvocato dell'Arkansas attorney Jeff Rosenzweig, whoche, likecome Clinton, grewcrebbe up ina Hot Springs, in Arkansas. "HeMe toldl'ha medetto solui."}}</ref> DuringDurante Clinton'sil termmandato di Clinton, l'Arkansas performedeseguì itsla firstprima executionsesecuzione sincedal [[1964]] (thela deathpena penaltydi hadmorte beenera re-enactedstata onreintrodotta Marchil [[23, Marzo]] del [[1973]]).<ref>{{citecita web|lingua=inglese|url=http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/sxs.php?a=v&s=3|titletitolo=Arkansas|publishereditore=[[Death Penalty Information Center]] |accessdateaccesso=February24 24,Febbraio 2010| archiveurlurlarchivio= http://web.archive.org/web/20100227235637/http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/sxs.php?a=v&s=3| archivedatedataarchivio= February 27, Febbraio 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> AsDa GovernorGovernatore, hesovrintese oversawa fourquattro executionsesecuzioni: oneuna bytramite [[electricsedia chairelettrica]] ande threetre bytramite [[lethaliniezione injectionletale]]. Later,Successivamente asClinton president,fu Clintonil wasprimo thepresidente firsta Presidentgraziare toun pardoncondannato a death-rowmorte inmateda sincequando thela federalpena deathdi penaltymorte wasera reintroducedstata inreintrodotta nel [[1988]].<ref>{{citecita web |lingua=inglese|url=http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/clemency |titletitolo=Clemency |publishereditore=[[Death Penalty Information Center]] |accessdateaccesso=February24 24,Febbraio 2010| archiveurlurlarchivio= http://web.archive.org/web/20100221212625/http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/clemency| archivedatedataarchivio= February21 21,Febbraio 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
===DemocraticPrimarie presidentialpresidenziali primariesdemocratiche ofdel 1988===
[[File:Reagans with the Clintons.jpg|thumb|GovernorIl and Mrs.Governatore Clinton attende thesignora Dinneralla Honoringcena thein Nation'sonore Governorsdei ingovernatori thedella nazione presso la [[WhiteCasa HouseBianca]] withinsieme Presidental Presidente [[Ronald Reagan]] ande alla first lady [[Nancy Reagan]], nel [[1987]].]]
In 1987, there was media speculation Clinton would enter the race after then-[[Governor of New York|New York Governor]] [[Mario Cuomo]] declined to run and Democratic front-runner [[Gary Hart]] withdrew owing to revelations of marital infidelity. Clinton decided to remain as Arkansas governor (following consideration for the potential candidacy of Hillary Rodham Clinton for governor, initially favored – but ultimately vetoed – by the First Lady).<ref name=autogenerated1>David Maraniss, ''First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton'' (New York: Random House, 1996; ISBN 978-0-684-81890-0).</ref> For the nomination, Clinton endorsed [[Governor of Massachusetts|Massachusetts Governor]] [[Michael Dukakis]]. He gave the nationally televised opening night address at the [[1988 Democratic National Convention]], but his speech, which was 33 minutes long and twice as long as it was expected to be, was criticized for being too long<ref>{{Cite news|last=Church|first=George J.|title=Cover: Is Bill Clinton For Real? |url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,974739,00.html|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=January 27, 1992|accessdate=August 30, 2011}}</ref> and poorly delivered.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kornacki|first=Steve|title=When Bill Clinton died onstage |url=http://www.salon.com/2012/07/30/when_bill_clinton_died_on_stage/|work=Salon|date=July 30, 2012|accessdate=August 6, 2012}}</ref> Presenting himself as a moderate and a member of the New Democrat wing of the Democratic Party, he headed the moderate [[Democratic Leadership Council]] in 1990 and 1991.<ref name="The Natural" /><ref name="The Choice">{{Cite book|last=Woodward |first=Bob |title=The Choice: How Bill Clinton Won |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |edition= |year=2005 |isbn= 0-7432-8514-X}}</ref>
In 1993, Clinton was selected as ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'s}} "[[Time Person of the Year|Man of the Year]]",<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19930104,00.html |title=Bill Clinton, Man of the Year |newspaper=Time |author=Elizabeth P. Valk |date=January 4, 1993 |accessdate=August 31, 2011 }}</ref> and again in 1998, along with [[Ken Starr]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19981228,00.html |title=Kenneth Starr & Bill Clinton, Men of the Year |newspaper=Time |author=Nancy Gibbs |date=December 28, 1998 |accessdate=August 31, 2011}}</ref> From a poll conducted of the American people in December 1999, Clinton was among eighteen included in [[Gallup's List of Widely Admired People|Gallup's List of Widely Admired People of the 20th century]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Gallup Poll 1999 | publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc | year = 1999 | ___location = Wilmington, DE | pages = 248–249}}</ref> He has been honored with a [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children|Best Spoken Word Album for Children]], a [[J. William Fulbright]] Prize for International Understanding,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fulbright.org/saluting-leadership/fulbright-prize/previous-laureates/william-jefferson-clinton |title=William Jefferson Clinton |publisher=Fulbright Association |accessdate=August 31, 2011}}</ref> a [[TED (conference)|TED]] Prize (named for the confluence of technology, entertainment and design),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tedblog.typepad.com/tedblog/2007/04/2007_ted_prize__2.html |title=2007 TED Prize winner Bill Clinton on TEDTalks |publisher=TED Blog |date=April 4, 2007 |accessdate=August 31, 2011}}</ref> and many other awards and honors.
==Authored booksOpere==
*{{citecita booklibro|titlelingua=inglese|cognome=Clinton|nome=Bill|titolo=[[Between Hope and History]] |yearanno=1996|publishereditore=Times Books|___locationcittà=New York|isbn=978-0-8129-2913-3}}
*{{cite booklibro|titlelingua=inglese|cognome=[[My Life (Bill Clinton autobiography)|nome=Bill|titolo=My Life]]|yearanno=2004|publishereditore=Vintage Books|___locationcittà=New York|isbn=978-1-4000-3003-3|edition=1st}}
*{{citecita booklibro|titlelingua=inglese|cognome=Clinton|nome=Bill|titolo=[[Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World]]|yearanno=2007|publishereditore=Knopf|___locationcittà=New York|isbn=0-307-26674-5|edition=1st}}
*{{citecita booklibro|titlelingua=inglese|titolo = Back to Work: Why We Need Smart Government for a Strong Economy|url = http://books.google.com/?id=-S2JCDOpgXYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Bill+Clinton%22|year anno=2011|publishereditore = Knopf|isbn = 978-0-307-95975-1}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Arkansas|Biography|Government of the United States}}
*[[Historical rankings of Presidents of the United States]]
*[[List of richest American politicians]]
{{-}}
==References==
{{ReflistReferences|30em3}}
==FurtherLetture readingulteriori==
===PrimaryFonti sourcesprimarie===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{en}} Clinton, Bill. (with [[Al Gore]]). ''[http://web.archive.org/web/20070621005829/http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/22/4f/40.pdf Science in the National Interest].'' Washington, D.C.: The White House, August 1994.
*--- (with Al Gore). ''[http://www.gcrio.org/USCCAP/toc.html The Climate Change Action Plan].'' Washington, D.C.: The White House, October 1993.
* {{en}} [[Taylor Branch]] ''The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President.'' (2009) Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-4333-6
* {{en}} ''Official Congressional Record Impeachment Set : ... Containing the Procedures for Implementing the Articles of Impeachment and the Proceedings of the Impeachment Trial of President William Jefferson Clinton.'' Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
* {{en}} ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, William J. Clinton.'' Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1994–2002.
* {{en}} [[S. Daniel Abraham]] ''[[Peace is Possible]]'', foreword by Bill Clinton
{{refend}}
===PopularLibri bookspopolari===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Peter Baker ''The Breach: Inside the Impeachment and Trial of William Jefferson Clinton'' (2000) ISBN 0-684-86813-X
* [[James Bovard]] ''Feeling Your Pain: The Explosion and Abuse of Government Power in the Clinton-Gore Years'' (2000) ISBN 0-312-23082-6
* Michael Waldman ''POTUS Speaks: Finding the Words That Defined the Clinton Presidency'' (2000) ISBN 0-7432-0020-9
* Ivory Tower Publishing Company. Achievements of the Clinton Administration: the Complete Legislative and Executive. (1995) ISBN 0-88032-748-0
{{refend}}
===AcademicStudi studiesaccademici===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Cohen; Jeffrey E. "The Polls: Change and Stability in Public Assessments of Personal Traits, Bill Clinton, 1993–99" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'', Vol. 31, 2001
* Cronin, Thomas E. and Michael A. Genovese; "President Clinton and Character Questions" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' Vol. 28, 1998
* Wattier; Mark J. "The Clinton Factor: The Effects of Clinton's Personal Image in 2000 Presidential Primaries and in the General Election" ''White House Studies'', Vol. 4, 2004
* Smithers, Luken J. "The Miracle Whip"
{{refend}}
==ExternalAltri linksprogetti==
{{Spoken Wikipediainterprogetto|commons|q|n=Categoria:Bill Clinton.ogg|2012-06-04}}
{{Sister project links|Bill Clinton}}
==Collegamenti esterni==
;Official
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamjclinton/ White House biography]
* [http://clinton6.nara.gov/ Clinton Presidential Materials Project] Press releases and speech transcripts from the administration. ▼* [http://www.clintonschool.uasys.edu/ Clinton School of Public Service] ▼
;Ufficiali
;Organizations
* {{en}} [http://www.clintonfoundationwhitehouse.orggov/about/presidents/williamjclinton/ WilliamBiografia J.di Clinton Foundation](sito officialdella websiteCasa Bianca)]
▲* {{en}} [http://clinton6.nara.gov/ Clinton Presidential Materials Project] Press releases andConferenze speechstampa transcriptse fromtrascrizioni thedei administrationdiscorsi.
▲* {{en}} [http://www.clintonschool.uasys.edu/ Clinton School of Public Service]
;Organizzazioni
;Books and movies
* {{en}} Sito ufficiale della [http://www.clintonfoundation.org/ Fondazione William J. Clinton]
* {{IMDb name|0001051|name=Bill Clinton}}
* {{OL author|id=OL24421A}} ▼;Libri e film
* {{Imdb|nome|0001051}}
▲<!--* {{OL author|id=OL24421A}} -->
* {{gutenberg author|id=Bill+Clinton | name=Bill Clinton}}
;Interviews, speeches and statements
*{{C-SPAN|billclinton}}
<!--*{{Charlie Rose view|329}}-->
*{{IMDb nameImdb|nome|0001051}}
<!--*{{TED|speakers/bill_clinton.html}}-->
* {{en}} [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/A-0027/menu.html Oral History Interview with Bill Clinton] from [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/ Oral Histories of the American South]
* {{en}} [http://youtube-global.blogspot.com/2010/09/president-clinton-youtube-interview.html President Clinton: The Youtube Interview]
* {{en}} [http://web.archive.org/web/20080209014908/http://millercenter.virginia.edu/scripps/digitalarchive/speechDetail/34 Full audio] of a number of Clinton speeches via the Miller Center of Public Affairs (UVa)
* {{en}} [http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/09/18/060918fa_fact1 ''The Wanderer''] Profile in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', September 2006, the most extensive interview post-presidency
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*{{Aljazeeratopic|person/bill-clinton}}
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;Altre
* {{en}} [http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/clinton Saggio esteso su Bill Clinton] e saggi più brevi sui membri del Governo e sulla First Lady dal ''Miller Center of Public Affairs''
* {{en}} [http://americanheraldry.org/pages/index.php?n=President.Clinton Armigerous American Presidents Series] articleun fromarticolo thedalla [[''American Heraldry Society]]''.
* {{en}} [http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=41 Bill Clinton] su ''American Presidents: Life Portraits'' di [[C-SPAN]]
* {{en}} [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/clinton/player/ Clinton] — Un documentario di ''American Experience''
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{{Portale|biografie|politica|Stati Uniti d'America}}
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