Giorno del pioniere: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 01:31, 8 nov 2012

Versione delle 13:54, 21 gen 2013

Riga 1:

{{S|storia|festivitàUtah}}

[[File:WagonTrn.jpg|thumb|Rievocazione storica dei pionieri mormoni nel [[1912]], la parata del "Pioneer Day" a [[Liberty Park]], [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]].]]

Il '''Giorno del pioniere''' (in [[lingua inglese|inglese]] '''''Pioneer Day''''') è una [[festività]] ufficiale celebrata il [[24 luglio]] nello [[Stato federato degli USA|stato]] dell'[[Utah]],<ref>[http://www.le.utah.gov/UtahCode/getCodeSection?code=63G-1-301 Utah Code 63G-1-301 (Legal holidays)] Utah State Legislature</ref> con alcune celbrazioni degli stati limitrofi [[colonizzazione|colonizzati]] originariamente dai [[Pionieri mormoni]].<ref> Packard, David ''Pioneer Day in Pocatello, Idaho'' [http://www.ldschurchnews.com/articles/57602/Pioneer-Day-in-Pocatello-Idaho.html] 15 July 2009 [[Church News]] - LDS Church</ref><ref>Tanner, Eliza ''Safe from the Storms'' [http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=8756dbfdf5b1c010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1] September 1995 - [[Ensign (rivista LDS)|Ensign]] - LDS Church</ref>. Tale festività commemora l'entrata di [[Brigham Young]] e del primo gruppo di Pionieri mormoni nella [[Valle del Lago Salato]] (''Salt Lake Valley'') il 24 luglio [[1847]]<ref>Schindler, Harold ''Ailing Young Rolls Out of Canyon, Likes Look of the Salt Lake Valley '' [[Salt Lake Tribune]] - Mormon Trail Series 24 July 1997 [http://historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/mormon_trail_series/072497.html Ripubblicato] con permesso presso Utah History to Go.</ref> dove i [[Santi degli ultimi giorni]] s'insediarono dopo essere stati cacciati via con la forza da [[Nauvoo (Illinois)]] (nell'[[Illinois]]) e da altri luoghi negli [[Stati Uniti orientali]].<ref>''[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul24.html Today in History: July 24]'' - | American Memory - [[Library of Congress]]</ref> [[Parata|parate]], [[Fuoco d'artificio|fuochi d'artificio]], [[rodeo|rodei]], e altri festeggiamenti aiutano a commemorare l'evento.

Oltre ad essere una festività ufficiale in Utah, il Giorno del pioniere è considerata un'occasione speciale da molti membri della [[Chiesa di Gesù Cristo dei santi degli ultimi giorni]] (Chiesa mormone).<ref>[[Gordon B. Hinckley|Hinckley, Gordon B.]] ''[http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=9af6759235d0c010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1 Remarks at Pioneer Day Commemoration Concert]'' - October 2001 - Ensign - LDS Church </ref><ref>Rohrer, Grey ''[http://www.cape-coral-daily-breeze.com/page/content.detail/id/508413.html?nav=5011 Pioneer Days celebrate western migration]'' - 20 July 2009 - Cape Coral Daily Breeze - [[Cape Coral]] </ref>

{{T|inglese|storia|luglio 2010}}

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On Pioneer Day, some [[Latter-day Saints]] walk portions of the [[Mormon Trail]] or reenact entering the Salt Lake Valley by [[Mormon handcart pioneers|handcart]].<ref>{{citation |title= Mormons Celebrate Their Pioneer Heritage |url= http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/news-releases-stories/mormons-celebrate-their-pioneer-heritage |work= Newsroom |publisher= LDS Church |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref> Latter-day Saints throughout the [[United States]]<ref>{{citation |last= McGrath |first= Rachel |title= Mormons in Camarillo mark pioneers' Utah arrival in 1847 |url= http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2009/jul/26/mormons-in-camarillo-mark-pioneers-utah-arrival/ |date= 26 July 2009 |newspaper= Ventura County Star |___location= [[Camarillo, California]] |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{ citation |last= Rohrer |first= Grey |title= Pioneer Days celebrate western migration |url= http://www.cape-coral-daily-breeze.com/page/content.detail/id/508413.html?nav=5011 |date= 20 July 2009 |newspaper= Cape Coral Daily Breeze |___location= [[Cape Coral, Florida]] |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref> and around the world may celebrate July 24 in remembrance of the LDS Churches' pioneer era, with songs, dances, and pioneer related activities.<ref>{{citation |last= Gaunt |first= LaRene Porter |title= Celebrate! |url= http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?hideNav=1&locale=0&sourceId=89a5d326b221c010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD |date= April 2005 |magazine= Ensign |publisher= LDS Church |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last= Bailey |first= Tamara Leatham |title= Pioneer Parties |url= http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=024644f8f206c010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=5c878ef0173fb010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1 |date= July 1997 |magazine= [[New Era (magazine)|New Era]] |publisher= LDS Church |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref>

While the holiday has strong links to the LDS Church, it is a celebration of everyone, regardless of faith and nationality, who [[Emigration|emigrated]] to the [[Salt Lake Valley]] during the pioneer era, which is generally considered to have ended with the 1869 arrival of the [[First Transcontinental Railroad (North America)|transcontinental railroad]].<ref>{{ citation |last= Greenleigh |first= Alicia |title= Days of '47: The day when pioneers are cool |url= http://www.sltrib.com/themix/ci_12868186 |newspaper= [[Salt Lake Tribune]] |date= 21 July 2009 |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref> Notable non-LDS [[American pioneer]]s from this period include Bishop [[Daniel Tuttle]], who was responsible for Utah's first non-[[Mormon]] schools ([[Rowland Hall-St. Mark's School|Rowland Hall-St. Mark's]]) and first public hospital (St. Mark's) in the 1800s.<ref>Quinn, Frederick ''Building the "Goodly Fellowship of Faith" - A History of the Episcopal Church in Utah - 1867-1996'' [[Utah State University Press]], [[Logan, Utah]], 2004, chapter 1.</ref> The Intertribal [[Powwow]] at [[Liberty Park]] in [[Salt Lake City]] honors the rich cultural heritage and contributions of the area's [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]], helping Utahns to gain a deeper understanding of the region's history.<ref>{{ Citation |last= Mayorga |first= Carlos |title= Powwow honors Indian culture |newspaper= The Salt Lake Tribune |pages= D3 |date= 2008-07-20 |url= http://www.sltrib.com/ci_9925806?IADID=Search-www.sltrib.com-www.sltrib.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2009}} Archive Article ID: 9925806</ref>

The holiday generates a great deal of road traffic; Utah Department of Public Safety statistics demonstrate that Pioneer Day has the second highest holiday [[Road traffic safety#Fatality|traffic fatality]] rate in Utah, with the earlier July 4 [[Independence Day (United States)|Independence Day]] having the highest rate.<ref>{{citation |title= Holiday Deaths (Utah 1999-2008) |url= http://publicsafety.utah.gov/dps/news/documents/HolidayDeaths.pdf |publisher= Utah Department of Public Safety |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref>

==History==

The earliest precursor to Pioneer Day celebrations in Utah occurred on July 24, 1849, when the [[Nauvoo Brass Band]] led a commemoration of the second anniversary of the Latter-day Saints entering the Salt Lake Valley.<ref name=MarchWest>{{Citation |last= Purdy |first= William E. |year= 1980 |month= July |title= They Marched Their Way West: The Nauvoo Brass Band |journal= Ensign |publisher= LDS Church |url= http://www.lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&sourceId=ee69fc3157a6b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____ |accessdate= 5 January 2010 |quote= |postscript= . }}</ref>

The first celebration of Pioneer Day in 1857 was interrupted with news of the approach of Johnson's Army, heralding the beginning of the [[Utah War]].<ref>{{citation |title= The First Statewide Pioneer Day Celebration |url= http://history.utah.gov/apps/markers/detailed_results.php?markerid=2116 |work= Markers and Monuments Database |publisher= Utah State History, a division of the Utah Department of Community and Culture |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref> During the following occupation of the [[Utah Territory]] by federal troops, Pioneer Day was not celebrated.<ref name= Utah-Encyclopedia1 >{{citation |title= Pioneer Day |url= http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/p/PIONEERDAY.html |work= Utah History Encyclopedia |publisher= [[University of Utah Press]] |year= 1994 |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref> Once President [[Abraham Lincoln]] initiated a hands-off policy on Utah in 1862 during the [[American Civil War]]<ref name= Zion-courts >{{ citation |last1= Firmage |first1= Edwin Brown |last2= Mangrum |first2= Richard Collin |title= Zion in the courts |year= 2001 |publisher= University of Illinois Press |isbn= 0252069803 |page= 139 |url= http://books.google.com/?id=9AimifP2a-4C |quote= Having signed the [[Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act|Morrill Act]], Abraham Lincoln reportedly compared the Mormon Church to a log he had encountered as a farmer that was 'too hard to split, too wet to burn and too heavy to move, so we plow around it. That's what I intend to do with the Mormons. You go back and tell Brigham Young that if he will let me alone, I will let him alone.' }}</ref> Pioneer Day was once again observed, and expanded into the surrounding areas as the [[Mormon Corridor]] spread throughout the [[Intermountain West]].<ref name= Utah-Encyclopedia1 /> In 1880, Latter-day Saints commemorated the [[Golden Jubilee]] of the [[Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)|church's formal organization]] in 1830; tens of thousands of people in hundreds of communities participated in very enthusiastic festivities.<ref name= Utah-Encyclopedia1 />

In the years that followed, federal enforcement efforts of anti-[[polygamy]] laws (including the 1882 [[Edmunds Act]]) resulted in greatly subdued celebrations.<ref name= Utah-Encyclopedia1 /> The 1886 commemoration was particularly notable for its [[mourning]] theme, with the [[Salt Lake Tabernacle]] decorated in black instead of the usually colorful [[Bunting (textile)|bunting]], and the [[Eulogy|eulogizing]] of Latter-day Saints who were in hiding or prison for polygamy offenses.<ref name= Utah-Encyclopedia1 /> By 1897, the celebration included not only the 50th anniversary of the initial arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, but also the end of the polygamy issue, the completion of the [[Salt Lake Temple]], and statehood for Utah.<ref name= Utah-Encyclopedia1 />

The centennial in 1947 and the sesquicentennial in 1997 were especially large celebrations in Utah. One writer indicated that the 1947 celebrations seemed to incorporate the entire year, with July 24 only being an apex to the events.<ref>{{citation |last= Haddock |first= Marc |title= Celebrating Pioneer Day in 1947 |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705317984/Celebrating-Pioneer-Day-in-1947.html |date= 20 July 2009 |newspaper= [[Deseret News]] |accessdate= 6 August 2009 }}</ref>

==Related events==

* Salt Lake City celebrates with fireworks and the "[[Days of '47 Parade]]".

* [[Spanish Fork, Utah|Spanish Fork]] celebrates with "Fiesta Days".

* [[Stirling Settler Days]] in [[Stirling, Alberta|Stirling]], [[Alberta]], [[Canada]].

* [[Bountiful, Utah]] celebrates with fireworks and a parade at "[[Handcart Days]]".

==See also==

{{Portal|Latter-day Saints}}

* [[This Is The Place Heritage Park]]

* [[This Is The Place Monument]]

* ''[[Utah, This is the Place]]''

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