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deadlock is not caused by multiple threads, it is caused by the mechanism used to manage the results of running multiple threads
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An advantage of a multi-threaded program is that it can operate faster on machines that have multiple CPUs, or across a cluster of machines. This is because the threaded nature of the algorithms allow true simultaneous and
independent processing. In such a case, the programmer needs to be careful to avoid [[race condition]]s, and other non-intuitive behaviors. In order for data to be correctly manipulated, threads will often need to [[rendezvous]] in time in order to process the data in the correct order. Threads may also require an [[atomic]] operation known as a [[semaphore]] in order to prevent data from being simultaneously modified, or read while in the process of being modified. Careless usesuse of such primitives can lead to [[deadlock]]s.
 
'''See also:''' [[Thread safety]]