Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester: Difference between revisions

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'''Simon de Montfort, 5th [[Earl of Leicester]]''', also '''Simon IV de Montfort''' ([[1160]] - [[June 25]], [[1218]]) was a French nobleman who took part in the [[Fourth Crusade]] ([[1202]] - [[1204]]) and was a prominent leader of the [[Albigensian Crusade]]. He died at the siege of [[Toulouse]] in 1218.

He was the son of [[Simon III de Montfort]], descended from the lords of Montfort l'Amaury in Normandy, and Amicia de Beaumont. He succeeded his father as Baron de Montfort in 1181, in 1190 he married [[Alice de Montmorency]], the daughter of [[Bouchard III de Montmorency]].

He was the son of [[Simon III de Montfort]] and Amicia de Beaumont. She was the eldest daughter of [[Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester]]. After the death of her brother [[Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester]] without children in 1204, she inherited half of his estates, and a claim to the Earldom of Leicester. The division of the estates was effected early in 1207, by which the rights to the earldom were assigned to Amicia and Simon. However, King [[John of England]] took possession of the lands himself, claiming that Simon had been disobedient. This was probably a pretext for the more general policy that the king did not wish any French barons to own property in England. In any case, while listed here as 5th Earl of Leicester, Simon was never formally recognized as earl, nor ever had possession of any of the great estates associated with it. Instead, Simon's fate was to remain in France, where he became one of the leaders of the Albigensian Crusade. In that role he became notorious and feared for his extreme cruelty, massacring whole towns, women and children included. He employed Spanish mercenaries who were paid by what they could plunder, and he himself can now be seen to have been more interested in gaining land than in purging heresy.

In 1199 while taking part in a tournament at [[Ecry-sur-Aisne]] he heard [[Fulk de Neuilly]] preaching the crusade, and in company with Count Thibaud de Champagne took the cross. Under Venetian guidance the Crusaders sacked the city of Constantinople - the main trading rival to Venice.

Simon was succeeded in France by his eldest son Amaury de Montfort, while his younger son [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon]] eventually gained possession of the earldom of Leicester and played a major role in the reign of [[Henry III of England]].

His mother was the eldest daughter of [[Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester]]. After the death of her brother [[Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester]] without children in 1204, she inherited half of his estates, and a claim to the Earldom of Leicester. The division of the estates was effected early in 1207, by which the rights to the earldom were assigned to Amicia and Simon. However, King [[John of England]] took possession of the lands himself in February, 1207. Later, in 1215, the lands were passed into the hands of Simon's nephew, Ralph, Earl of Chester.

[[Image:simon_de_montfort_portrait.jpg|300px|left|Simon de Montfort]]

Simon's remained on his estates in France, where in 1208 he was made captain-general of the French forces in the Albigensian Crusade. Simon was given the territory conquered from [[Raymond VI of Toulouse]]. He became notorious and feared for his extreme cruelty, massacring whole towns, "treachery, harshness, and bad faith." In 1213 he defeated [[Peter of Aragon]] at the battle of Muret. The Albigenses were now crushed, but Simon carried on the campaign as a war of conquest, being appointed lord over all the newly-acquired territory, as Count of Toulouse and Duke of [[Narbonne]] (1215). He occupied himself in waging war at Nîmes, until in 1217 a rebellion broke out in Provence, where Count Raymond's son re-entered Toulouse. Simon hastened to besiege the city, and was killed on 25 June, 1218 while fighting a sally by the besiegers. He was buried in the Monastery of Haute-Bruyère.

Simon wasleft succeededthree insons, Francethe byFrench estates passed to his eldest son Amaury de Montfort, while his younger son [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon]] eventually gained possession of the earldom of Leicester and played a major role in the reign of [[Henry III of England]].

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