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Stepper motors allow fine control of airflow based on position and speed of the motor, but may have low total airflow capability. Some systems use a solenoid in conjunction with a stepper motor, with the stepper motor allowing fine control and the solenoid coarse control.
Many configurations are possible with 2-, 3-, and 4-port solenoids and stepper motors in series or parallel. Two port solenoid bleed systems with a [[PID controller]] tend to be common on factory turbocharged cars.
=== Advantages ===
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