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Line 2: '''NIST Enterprise Architecture Model''' ('''NIST EA Model''') is a late 1980s [[Enterprise Architecture framework\|reference model]] for [[Enterprise Architecture]], which define the content of enterprise architectures<ref name "CIO 2001">Chief Information Officer Council (2001) ''[http://www.gao.gov/assets/590/588407.pdf A Practical Guide to Federal Enterprise Architecture Version 1.0]'' Preface. February 2001. </ref> in terms of interrelationship between the business, information, and technology environments of an enterprise.<ref name="CIOC99"> The Chief Information Officers Council (1999). [http://www.enterprise-architecture.info/Images/Documents/Federal%20EA%20Framework.pdf Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework Version 1.1]. September 1999.</ref> Developed late 1980s by the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) and others, this reference model in the 1990s became widely promoted within the [[Federal government of the United States\|U.S. federal government]] as Enterprise Architecture management tool.<ref name="CIOC99"/>,. ~~and~~It is applied as foundation in multiple U.S. Federal Enterprise Architecture frameworks, ~~for~~such ~~example in~~as the [[Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework]].<ref name="CIOC99"/> == Overview == The NIST Enterprise Architecture Model is a five-layered model ~~allows~~for [[enterprise architecture]], designed for organizing, planning, and building an integrated set of information and information technology architectures. The five layers are defined separately but are interrelated and interwoven.<ref name="CIOC99"/> This interrelation between the architecture layers is defined in the model:<ref name="FG89"/> * ''Business Architecture'', which drives the information architecture * ''Information architecture'', which prescribes the information systems architecture Line 14: == History == The ~~origin from the~~ NIST Enterprise Architecture Model ~~was~~is ainitiated in 1988 in the fifth workshop on Information Management Directions sponsored by the NIST in cooperation with the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM), the [[IEEE Computer Society]], and the Federal Data Management Users Group (FEDMUG). The results of this research project ~~in 1989,~~were published as the NIST Special Publication 500-167, ''Information Management Directions: The Integration Challenge''.<ref name="FG89"> Elizabeth N. Fong and Alan H. Goldfine (1989) ''Information Management Directions: The Integration Challenge''. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 500-167, September 1989.</ref> This publication was the result of the fifth workshop in the Information Management Directions sponsored by the NIST in cooperation with the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM), the [[IEEE Computer Society]], and the Federal Data Management Users Group (FEDMUG). ▼ [[File:DoE Information Architecture View.jpg\|thumb\|DoE Information Architecture View.<ref name="FAA98"/>]]▼ [[File:FDIC’s Enterprise Architecture Framework.jpg\|thumb\|FDIC EA Framework.<ref>OIG (2005). [http://www.fdicoig.gov/reports05/05-018-508.shtml Implementation of E-Government Principles]. May 2005</ref>]]▼ ▲The origin from the NIST Enterprise Architecture Model was a NIST research project in 1989, published as the NIST Special Publication 500-167, ''Information Management Directions: The Integration Challenge''.<ref name="FG89"> Elizabeth N. Fong and Alan H. Goldfine (1989) ''Information Management Directions: The Integration Challenge''. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 500-167, September 1989.</ref> This publication was the result of the fifth workshop in the Information Management Directions sponsored by the NIST in cooperation with the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM), the [[IEEE Computer Society]], and the Federal Data Management Users Group (FEDMUG). The NIST had held workshops on Database and Information Management Directions since the 1970s. These workshops had each addressed a specific theme: The NIST Framework was picked up by several U.S. federal agencies and used as the basis for their information strategy.<ref name="Zac06">[http://www.objectwatch.com/whitepapers/IASANewsletterApril2007.pdf "Exclusive Interview with John Zachman"] by Roger Sessions. In: ''Perspectives of the International Association of Software Architects''. April 2006.</ref> The reference model is applicated the following frameworks:▼ * "What information about [[database]] technology does the manager need to make prudent decisions about using new technology"<ref>First workshop in 1975. See Fong and Goldfine (1989, p. 5) </ref> * [[United States Department of Energy\|Department of Energy]] (DOE) Information Architecture <ref name="FAA98"> Federal Aviation Administration (1998) ''[http://www.faa.gov/niac/pdf/wn18_fia.pdf Federal Information Architecture Initiatives]. February 1998</ref>▼ * "What information can help a manager assess the impact on a database system?"<ref>Second workshop in 1977. See Fong and Goldfine (1989, p. 5) </ref> * [[FDIC Enterprise Architecture Framework]] is the Enterprise Architecture framework of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).▼ * "[[Information management]] tools from the standpoint of: uses; policies and controls; logical and physical database design"<ref>Second workshop in 1980. See Fong and Goldfine (1989, p. 5) </ref> ; and * [[Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework]] (FEAF) : The 1999 documentation of the [[Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework]] Version 1.1 explains how the NIST Framework is used as a foundation of the [[Federal Enterprise Architecture\|FEA]] Framework.<ref name="CIOC99"/> ▼ * "The nature of information [[resource management]] practice and problems."<ref>Forth workshop in 1985. See Fong and Goldfine (1989, p. 5) </ref> * NWS Enterprise Architecture : Enterprise Architecture of the National Weather Service<ref>Bobby Jones (2003) [http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/73211.pdf NWS Enterprise Architecture]. In: ''20th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems. 2004''.</ref>▼ The fifth workshop focused on integration and productivity in information management. Five working groups considered specific aspects of the integration of knowledge, data management, systems planning, development and maintenance, computing environments, architectures and standards. Participants came from academia, industry, government and consulting firms. Among the over 50 participants were [[Tom DeMarco]], [[Ahmed K. Elmagarmid]], Elizabeth N. Fong, Andrew U. Frank<ref>[http://www.geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at/staff/index.php?Current_Staff:Frank%2C_Andrew_U. Frank, Andrew U.] Research Group Geoinformation, Vienna. Accessed JUly 15, 2013.</ref>, Robert E. Fulton<ref>David Terraso (2004) "[http://www.whistle.gatech.edu/archives/04/mar/01/fultonobit.shtml Robert Fulton, 72, dies: Engineering professor and county commissioner]". at whistle.gatech.edu</ref>, Alan H. Goldfine<ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/g/Goldfine:Alan_H= Alan H. Goldfine] at [[DBLP]].</ref>, Dale L. Goodhue<ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/g/Goodhue:Dale.html Dale Goodhue] at [[DBLP]].</ref>, [[Richard J. Mayer]], [[Shamkant Navathe]], [[T. William Olle]], W. Bradford Rigdon, Judith A. Quillard, Stanley Y. W. Su<ref>[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/pers/hd/s/Su:Stanley_Y=_W= Stanley Y. W. Su] at [[DBLP]].</ref>, and [[John Zachman]]. == NIST Enterprise Architecture Model topics == === Foundations === [[File:Sample Elements of an Enterprise Architecture (1989).jpg\|thumb\|Sample Elements of an Enterprise Architecture (1989).]]▼ In 1989 presentation of the NIST Enterprise Architecture Model Rigdon et al. (1989) <ref name="WBR 1989" >W. Bradford Rigdon (1989) "Architectures and Standards". In: ''Information Management Directions: The Integration Challenge''. E.N. Fong and A.H. Goldfine (eds.). NIST Sept 1989. p. 135-150</ref> explained that discussions about architecture in that time mostly focus on technology concerns. Their aim was to "takes a broader view, and describes the need for an ''enterprise architecture'' that includes an emphasis on business and information requirements. These higher level issues impact data and technology architectures and decisions."<ref>Rigdon (1989), p. 136</ref> In order to develop an enterprise architecture Rigdon et al. (1989, p 137) acknowledge, that: * There are multiple ways to develop an architecture Line 32: * Development and implementation should be customized to the environment * Yet, every architecture itself can be divided into different levels. ▲[[File:Sample Elements of an Enterprise Architecture (1989).jpg\|thumb\|Sample Elements of an Enterprise Architecture (1989).]] The different levels of an enterprise architecture can be visualized as a pyramid with "the business unit at the top and the delivery system at the base. An enterprise is composed of one or more Business Units that are responsible for a specific business area. The five levels of architecture are Business Unit, Information, Information System, Data and Delivery System."<ref name="Rig 1989"> Rigdon (1989), p. 137</ref> The separate levels of an enterprise architecture are interrelated in a special way. The "depiction at one level assumes or dictates that architectures at the higher level.".<ref name="Rig 1989"/> The illustration on the right gives an example of which elements can constitute an Enterprise Architecture. == Applications == ▲<!-- [[File:DoE Information Architecture View.jpg\|thumb\|DoE Information Architecture View.<ref name="FAA98"/>]]--> ▲[[File:FDIC’s Enterprise Architecture Framework.jpg\|thumb\|FDIC EA Framework.<ref>OIG (2005). [http://www.fdicoig.gov/reports05/05-018-508.shtml Implementation of E-Government Principles]. May 2005</ref>]] ▲The NIST Framework was picked up by several U.S. federal agencies and used as the basis for their information strategy.<ref name="Zac06">[http://www.objectwatch.com/whitepapers/IASANewsletterApril2007.pdf "Exclusive Interview with John Zachman"] by Roger Sessions. In: ''Perspectives of the International Association of Software Architects''. April 2006.</ref> The reference model is applicated the following frameworks: ▲* [[United States Department of Energy\|Department of Energy]] (DOE) Information Architecture <ref name="FAA98"> Federal Aviation Administration (1998) ''[http://www.faa.gov/niac/pdf/wn18_fia.pdf Federal Information Architecture Initiatives]. February 1998</ref> ▲* [[FDIC Enterprise Architecture Framework]] is the Enterprise Architecture framework of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). ▲* [[Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework]] (FEAF) : The 1999 documentation of the [[Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework]] Version 1.1 explains how the NIST Framework is used as a foundation of the [[Federal Enterprise Architecture\|FEA]] Framework.<ref name="CIOC99"/> ▲* NWS Enterprise Architecture : Enterprise Architecture of the National Weather Service<ref>Bobby Jones (2003) [http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/73211.pdf NWS Enterprise Architecture]. In: ''20th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems. 2004''.</ref> == See also ==

NIST Enterprise Architecture Model: Difference between revisions