|
|-
! rowspan=6 style=background:#708050 | [[Cambriano|<span style="color:white;">Cambriano</span>]]
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ddf8f8;"| [[CambrianCambriano]] (541–485542–488 [[myamilioni (unit)|Ma]]di anni fa): Thel'inizio beginningdel ofCambriano theè Cambriancaratterizzato wasdalla marked by thecosiddetta "[[CambrianEsplosione explosioncambriana]]", theun'improvvisa suddenapparizione appearancedi ofquasi nearlytutti alli of[[phyla]] theanimali invertebrate animal phylainvertebrati (molluscs[[molluschi]], jellyfish[[meduse]], worms[[vermi]] ande arthropods[[artropodi]], suchcome asi crustaceans[[crostacei]]) in greatgrande abundanceabbondanza. TheI firstprimi vertebratesvertebrati appearedapparvero in thesotto formforma ofdi primitivepesci fishprimitivi, whichche weresi subsequentlysono greatlyevoluti diversifiedpoi in themodo Silurianmolto anddiversificato Devoniannel [[Siluriano]] e [[Devoniano]].
|-
| [[File:Pikaia BW.jpg|140px]]
| [[File:Haikouichthys 3d.png|140px]]
| ''[[Haikouichthys]]''
| ''[[Haikouichthys]]'' (il cui nome scientifico significa ''(fishpesce fromdi Haikou)'') isè anotherun genusaltro thatgenere alsoche appearsappare innei theritrovamenti fossilfossili recorddi aboutcirca 530 Mamilioni di anni fa, ande alsosegnala marksla thetransizione transitionda from[[invertebrati]] invertebratea to vertebrates.[[vetrebrati]]{{sfn|Shu2003}} Gli Haikouichthys areappartengono ai [[Craniata|craniatescraniati]] (animalsanimali withcon backbonesteschio ande distincttesta headsdistinta dal corpo). UnlikeDiversamente dai ''Pikaia'', theyvi hadè eyes.la Theypresenza alsodi hadocchi. aInoltre definedhanno skullun andteschio otherdefinito characteristicse thataltre havecaratteristiche ledche [[paleontology|paleontologists]]hanno toconvinto labeli itpaleontologi a trueclassificarli craniate,come andcraniati evene tocome beil popularlyprimo characterizedvero as one of the earliest fishespesce. [[Cladistics|CladisticAnalisi analysis]]cladistiche indicatessuccessive thathanno thesuggerito animalche isquesti probably aanimali basalfossero [[chordatechordata|cordati]] or a basalo [[craniatecraniata|craniati]]; {{r|Paleos: The Cambrian: 2}} butsenza itdare doesrisultati notindiscutibili possesse sufficientincontrovertibili, featurespertanto tosi befanno included uncontroversially evenrientrare in eitherentrambi [[stemi group]]gruppi.{{r|Donoghue2005}}{{sfn|Shu2003}}
|-
| [[File:Myllokunmingia.png|140px]]
|-
| [[File:Shielia tiati.svg|center|125px]]
| [[ThelodontsThelodonti]]
| [[Thelodonts]] ''(nipple teeth)'' are a class of small, extinct jawless fishes with distinctive scales instead of large plates of armour. There is debate over whether these represent a [[Monophyly|monophyletic grouping]], or disparate stem groups to the major lines of [[Agnatha|jawless]] and [[Gnathostome|jawed fish]].{{r|Turner1982}} Thelodonts are united by their characteristic "thelodont scales". This defining character is not necessarily a result of shared ancestry, as it may have been [[Convergent evolution|evolved independently by different groups]]. Thus the thelodonts are generally thought to represent a polyphyletic group.{{sfn|Sarjeant|Halstead}} If they are monophyletic, there is no firm evidence on what their ancestral state was.{{sfn|Donoghue|2000|p=206}} These scales were easily dispersed after death; their small size and resilience makes them the most common vertebrate fossil of their time.{{sfn|Turner1999|p=42–78}}{{r|Palaeos: Thelodonti}} The fish lived in both freshwater and marine environments, first appearing during the [[Ordovician]], and perishing during the [[Late Devonian extinction|Frasnian–Famennian extinction event]] of the Late [[Devonian]]. They were predominantly deposit-feeding bottom dwellers, although some species may have been pelagic.
|-
|-
| [[File:Silurolepis platydorsalis.jpg|140px]]
| [[PlacodermPlacoderma]]s
| [[PlacodermPlacodermi]]s, ''(plate-like skin)'', are a group of armoured jawed fishes, of the class Placodermi. The oldest fossils appeared during the late Silurian, and became extinct at the end of the Devonian. Recent studies suggest that the placoderms are possibly a [[paraphyletic]] group of [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] jawed fishes, and the closest relatives of all living jawed vertebrates. Some placoderms were small, flattened bottom-dwellers, such as [[antiarch]]s. However many, particularly the arthrodires, were active midwater predators. ''[[Dunkleosteus]]'', which appeared later in the Devonian below, was the largest and most famous of these. The upper jaw was firmly fused to the skull, but there was a hinge joint between the skull and the bony plating of the trunk region. This allowed the upper part of the head to be thrown back and, in [[arthrodire]]s, allowed them to take larger bites.
|-
| [[File:Guiyu BW.jpg|140px]]
| [[File:Andreolepis hedei.jpg|140px]]
| ''[[Andreolepis]]''
| TheIl extinct genusgenere ''[[Andreolepis]]'' includesinclude theil earliestpiù knownantico ray[[Actinopterygii|attinopterigio]] finnedoggi fishconosciuto, ''[[Andreolepis hedei]]'', whichche appearedcomparve innel thetardo late Silurian[[Siluriano]], aroundcirca 420 Mamilioni di anni fa.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Min Z | year = 1997 | title = The oldest sarcopterygian fish | url = http://www.researchgate.net/publication/225089993_The_oldest_sarcopterygian_fish/file/d912f4fcb0d2e1d901.pdf | format = PDF | journal = Lethaia | volume = 30 | issue = | pages = 293–304 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Märss T | year = 2001 | title = ''Andreolepis'' (Actinopterygii) in the upper Silurian of northern Eurasia | url = http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=0D3ucZP97e4C&pg=PA174&dq=%22Andreolepis+%28Actinopterygii%29+in+the+upper+Silurian+of+northern+Eurasia%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tF8IUeHwHYH-lAWo_IGwBA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Andreolepis%20%28Actinopterygii%29%20in%20the%20upper%20Silurian%20of%20northern%20Eurasia%22&f=false | journal = Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences | volume = 50 | issue = 3| pages = 174–189 }}</ref>
|}
| 