Indecs Content Model: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:24, 6 July 2013

Revision as of 13:51, 6 October 2013

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== indecs project ==

[http://cordis.europa.eu/econtent/mmrcs/indecs.htm indecs] (an acronym of "interoperability of data in e-commerce systems"; written in lower case) was a project part funded by the [[European Community]] ''Info 2000'' initiative and by several organisations representing the music, rights, text publishing, authors, library and other sectors in 1998-2000, which has since been used in a number of [[metadata]] activities. A final report and related documents were published; the indecs Metadata Framework document [http://www.doi.org/topics/indecs/indecs_framework_2000.pdf "Principles, model and data dictionary"] is a concise summary.

indecs provided an analysis of the requirements for metadata for e-commerce of [[Content (media and publishing)|content]] (intellectual property) in the network environment, focussing on semantic [[interoperability]]. Semantic interoperability deals with the question of how one computer system knows what the terms from another computer system mean (e.g. if A says "owner" and B says "owner", are they referring to the same thing? If A says "released" and B says "disseminated", do they mean different things?).

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* Across levels of metadata (from simple to complex).

* Across semantic barriers.

* Across linguistic barriers.

The indecs project developed a framework, described in detail in the final project documents, within which such interoperability could be achieved. indecs proposed four principles as key to the management of identification:

* ''The principle of Unique Identification:'' every entity should be uniquely identified within an identified namespace.

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== Use of indecs ==

The indecs Framework does not presuppose any specific business model or legal framework; it can be used to describe transactions of copyrighted, open source, or freely available material.

The framework has been developed further as a generic [[Ontology (information science)|ontology]]-based approach dealing with defined types of entity and attribute, and the relators that link them within a contextual model structure (where context is defined as an intersection of ''time'' and ''place'', in which ''entities'' may play roles). Its main use to date has been in applications of commercial transactions of content and in some library-related applications. Examples of applications using this approach include:

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* [http://www.doi.org/ Digital Object Identifier System] metadata schemes

One of the deliverables of the indecs project was a specification for a Directory of Parties. This led to a subsequent project, [http://www.interparty.org Interparty], funded under the European Commission's Information Society Technologies Programme, to design and specify a network to support interoperability of party identification (for both natural and corporate names) across different domains, building on the indecs principles. InterParty was not proposed as a replacement for existing schemes for the identification of participants in the intellectual property ___domain (e.g. national library name authority files or systems oriented towards the needs of rights licensing) but as a means of effecting their interoperation. Some of its conclusions have been used elsewhere, e.g. in the work on the proposed ISO [http://www.isni.org/ ISNI] (International Standard Name Identifier).

Other developments are continuing, notably through the OntologyX semantic engineering tools and services from [http://www.rightscom.com Rightscom]. The approach also has much in common with the [http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/index.html CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM)], an ontology for cultural heritage information, and the [[FRBR|Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)]] model in the library world.

In June 2009 a new initiative, the [http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/VMF/ Vocabulary Mapping Framework (VMF)], was announced by a consortium of partners. Funded by [http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/projects/vocab-framework.aspx JISC], in Nov 2009 this delivered (as the first phase of an ongoing program of work) an extensive and authoritative mapping of vocabularies from nine major content [[metadata standards]], creating a downloadable tool to support interoperability across communities. The mapping is also extensible to other standards. The work builds on the principles of interoperability established in the indecs Content Model, and is an expansion of the existing [http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/january2007-dunsire RDA/ONIX Framework for Resource Categorization] into a comprehensive vocabulary of resource relators and categories, which will be a superset of those used in major standards from the publisher/producer, education and bibliographic/heritage communities. The [[International DOI Foundation]], which fully endorses this work, is to provide a web hosting facility for the Framework as part of its commitment to promoting the wider use of interoperable metadata, and will use the vocabulary mapping wherever possible to support the association of metadata with DOI names <ref>[http://www.doi.org/news/DOINewsJun09.html#1''DOI News: Launch of “Vocabulary Mapping Framework”]</ref>

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== Intellectual property rights and indecs ==

Indecs uses one common underlying structure which may be considered in three views: the general view; the commerce view; and the intellectual property (legal) view. An intellectual property right is a legal concept, with terms defined in a series of international conventions and treaties and under national law. The precise characteristics by which recognition of intellectual property rights is secured are elusive and are settled by editorial, commercial or, ultimately, by a legal judgement. Indecs does not attempt to replace such legal considerations, though a specific set of legal elements might be included in an indecs-based structure, and the indecs framework specifically includes some definitions from major international treaties such as the [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works|Berne Convention]] and the [[WIPO Copyright Treaty]].

== Mapping of terms ==

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|

* A book

** ISBN: [[International Standard Book Number]]

* A component of a serial (e.g., an issue or an article)

** SICI: [[Serial Instance and Contribution Identifier]]