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**A new microscopic technique allows researchers to image structures as small as 80nm anywhere inside a cell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/qmuo-smo100813.php|title=Spinning-disk microscope offers window into the center of a cell|work=Queen Mary, University of London|date=9 October 2013|accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/a-super-resolution-window-into-the-center-of-a-cell|title=A super-resolution window into the center of a cell|work=KurzweilAI|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref>
*10 October – Researchers have discovered the first chemical to prevent all brain cell death from [[prion disease]] in mice. This could lead to drug targets for a range of neurodegenerative conditions in humans - including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-24462699|title=Alzheimer's breakthrough hailed as 'turning point'|work=BBC|date=10 October 2013|accessdate=10 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2013/october/medical-research-council-scientists-discover-compound-that-arrests-neurodegeneration-in-mice|title=Medical Research Council scientists discover compound that arrests neurodegeneration in mice|work=University of Leicester|date=10 October 2013|accessdate=10 October 2013}}</ref>
*11 October
**The [[Nobel Peace Prize]] has been awarded to the [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]] ([[OPCW]]) and the "conventions under which it was founded in 1997" because they, according to the award citation, “have defined the use of [[chemical weapons]] as a [[taboo]] under [[international law]]. Recent events in [[Syria]], where chemical weapons have again been put to use, have underlined the need to enhance the efforts to do away with such weapons.”<ref name="NYT-20131011">{{cite news |last=Cowell |first=Alan |title=Chemical Weapons Watchdog Wins Nobel Peace Prize |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/12/world/chemical-weapons-watchdog-wins-nobel-peace-prize.html |date=11 October 2013 |work=[[New York Times]] |accessdate=11 October 2013 }}</ref>
**The Graphene Flagship – a ten-year initiative with a billion euros of funding – is launched in Gothenburg, Sweden.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chalmers.se/en/news/Pages/Graphene-Flagship-has-set-sails.aspx|title=Graphene Flagship has set sails|work=Chalmers University of Technology|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=16 October 2013}}</ref>
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