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'''Wikipedia Article Proposal: Gender and Economic Development'''
[[Education Program:Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies/Gender and
International Affairs (Fall 2013)|IA 039 Gender and International Affairs]]
21 October 2013
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Geneva Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
This proposal aims to outline a plan to comprehensively improve the existing section of the
Gender and Economic Development in Wikipedia article [[Gender]]. We identify three key fallacies and omissions that the current version of the section suffers utterly and use them as a basis to develop our proposal. '''Existing Omissions'''
First, although the current section elaborates on various approaches including
[[Women_in_Development|WID]], WAD, and [[Gender_and_development|GAD]], it explains
only vaguely a relationship between gender and development and does not locate its
argument within a broader theoretical framework of contemporary economics. So far, the
only theorist mentioned is [[Ester Boserup]], an author of monumental “Women’s Role in
Economic Development.”[1] While discussing gender and economic development, we argue it
is indeed imperative to explore different ideas posed by key thinkers such as [[Amartya Sen]
],[2] [[Jeffery Sachs]],[3] and [[Joseph Stiglitz]][4] whose prime concern is a complex nexus
between globalization and development that provides a useful insight in looking at issues of
gender and development. In addition, the section must mention economic models and theories
(such as [[Marxian theory]], [[Harrod-Domar model]],[5] [[Solow model|Solow Model]],[6]
[[Endogenous_growth_theory|endogenous development]] thesis)[7] and located itself in a wider
argument developed from these theoretical perspectives.
Second, the current section entirely lacks considerations of different dynamics that drive
globalization. For example, the section fails to analyze a perspective of gender and
development in concepts of human capital, labor, capital, and trade. Particularly, the failure is
evident in that the entry omits an examination of the impact of [[financial crises]] in [[gender and
development]].[8] Whilst financial crises became a norm rather than exception in an increasingly
liberalized global economy, any attempt to explain gender and development without considering
these monumental phenomena discredits its validity and invites us to make a serious revision.
Third, the current section fails to present a balanced mix of empirical evidence, policy analyses
and linkage to other related concepts. Therefore, in creating new subsections Human Capital,
Labor, Capital, and Trade, each of subsection will begin with a brief overview of statistics and
empirical evidence. Then the argument moves on to an analysis of related policies. Finally, each
subsection is to be completed by presenting inter-linkages. To illustrate, a subsection of human
capital summarizes empirical evidence concerning education, health, and demography that are
important indicators of human and economic development. Educational and health policies are
analyzed to add practical dimension to the analysis. In the end, we will add brief explanations of
inter-linkage, such as correlation between female educational achievements and quality of labor
force.
'''Proposed Editions'''
A newly edited section of Gender and Economic Development will consists of five subsections
while preserving and integrating existent instrumental descriptions (such as [[MDGs]] and its
indicators that have been already mentioned).
1. The first subsection, Gender and Economic Theories, explores how gender perspective
is incorporated, or ignored, while examining classical, neoclassical, neoliberal and other
contemporary economic theories. Concepts and perspectives from Feminist Economics,[9] an
internationally recognized journal on gender and economics, will be cited to present gendered
theories of economic development. Within our group, Kazushige leads in developing the section
with interaction with other members.
2. The second subsection, Human Capital examines relationships among gender, education,
health and demographic transition that constitute vital components of human and economic
development. The purpose of this section will be to provide an overview of the differences
in human capital, namely through education gaps, and its contribution to segregation in
employment. Within our group, Quentin leads in developing the section with interaction with
other members.
3. The third section of Labor examines women's role in formal and informal economy (for
example, women's role as business executives on the one hand and as careworker and
domestic worker, on the other hand). Our focus will be how widening career opportunities for
women affect economic development in different ways, as well as how women are functioning
as a backbone of economy as those who engage in reproductive works. Within our group,
Simon leads in developing the section with interaction with other members.
4. The fourth subsection of Capital elaborates on women’s roles in an increasingly liberalized
world economy. Specific attention will be given to financial crises, financial liberalization,
microfinance that define women’s engagement and participation in today’s globalized economy.
Within our group, Samuel leads in developing the section with interaction with other members.
5. The fifth section of Trade provides a gendered analysis of today’s global economic
interdependence. A focus is to include different aspects of manufacturing, service, and
agricultural sectors and their relationship to women’s traditional and changing responsibilities in
their evolving participation in international trade through their works. Within our group, Samuel
Obe leads in developing the section with interaction with other members.
'''Structural Issues'''
In our opinion, the general [[Gender]] article on Wikipedia is not well structured. We suggest
that to create an article on its own on gender and economic development and only leave an
overview on the topic in the general [[Gender]] article referring to our sub-article (analogously
to the section on Gender identity and gender roles). We will also announce that on the
[[Talk:Gender|Gender talk page]]. There is no talk about this section of the article yet, although
there are comments about microfinance in the Gender and Poverty section.
'''''Tentative References'''''
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[3]Sachs, Jeffrey. The end of poverty: economic possibilities for our time. Penguin.com, 2006.
[4]Stiglitz, Joseph E. Globalization and its Discontents. 2002; Stiglitz, Joseph E. Making
globalization work. WW Norton & Company, 2007. [5]Sato, Ryuzo. "The Harrod-Domar Model vs the Neo-Classical Growth Model."The Economic
Journal 74.294 (1964): 380-387.
[6]Solow, Robert M. "A contribution to the theory of economic growth." The quarterly journal of
economics 70.1 (1956): 65-94.
[7]Van der Ploeg, Jan Douwe, and Ann Long, eds. Born Fron Within: Practice and Perspectives
of Endogenous Rural Development. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 1994.
[8] Bedford, Kate. Gender WDR: Limits, Gaps, and Fudges. The Bretton Woods Project.Online
at http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/art-569646.
[9] For example, Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko, James Heintz, and Stephanie Seguino, Critical
Perspectives on Financial and Economic Crises: Heterodox Macroeconomics Meets Feminist
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