See also Davies et al. (2011: Section 2, ''History of CALL'').<ref name=davieswalkeretal/>
Recently some scholars have begun to question the validity of the acronym CALL, it has been argued that the field is now much broader than the use of computers to assist language learning and that this means (computers) end (language learning) relationship is now reversed with many students learning English as a second language so as to interact of connected global citizens. [http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume16/ej64/ej64a2/ Jarvis and Achilleos] (2013) propose an alternative of Mobile Assisted Language Use (MALU) as a more appropriate framework for describing and investigating educational practice.
