Intravenous cholangiography: Difference between revisions

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{{underlinked|date=November 2012}}

{{Interventions infobox |

Name = Intravenous cholangiography |

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''' Intravenous cholangiography''' is a form of [[cholangiography]] that was introduced in 1954.<ref name="Baert2008">{{cite book|author=Albert L. Baert|title=Encyclopedia of Diagnostic Imaging|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=e3F4NaY3fgQC&pg=PA123|accessdate=3 July 2011|date=13 February 2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-35278-5|pages=123–}}</ref>

==What is an Intravenous Cholangiography?==

The intravenous cholangiogram or IVC is a radiologic (x-ray) procedure that is used primarily to look at the larger [[bile ductsduct]]s within the liver and the bile ducts outside the liver. The procedure can be used to locate gallstones[[gallstone]]s within these bile ducts. IVC also can be used to identify other causes of obstruction to the flow of bile, for example, narrowings (strictures) of the bile ducts and cancers that may impair the normal flow of bile.

==How is an Intravenous Cholangiography done?==

To do an IVC, an iodine-containing dye is injected intravenously into the blood. The dye isliver then removedremoves fromthe blooddye byfrom the liverblood whichand excretes it into the bile. The iodine is sufficiently concentrated enough just as it is secreted into the bile that it does not need to be further concentrated by the [[gallbladder in order]] to outline the bile ducts and any gallstones that may be within themthere. The gallbladder is not always seen on an IVC, sinceas the iodine-containing bile may bypass the gallbladder entirely and empty directly into the [[small intestine]].

==What are the risks regarding Intravenous Cholangiography?==

Occasional serious allergic reactions can occur to any iodine-containing dye. These reactions can usually be treated but theyand rarely may result in the death of the patient.

==When is the intravenous cholangiogram useful?==

The IVC is not used nearly as much today as it used to bewas. Its use always was limited, because it did not work when there was more than a minimal amount of [[jaundice]], and many of the conditions it was used forto detect also caused substantial jaundice. The IVC has been largely replaced by other diagnostic procedures -- by ERCP ([[endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]]), [[endoscopic ultrasound]] and, increasingly, by [[MRI]] cholangiography, none of which are affected by jaundice.It is sometimes used when [[Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]] is unsuccessful.<ref name="KuntzKuntz2008">{{cite book|author1=Erwin Kuntz|author2=Hans-Dieter Kuntz|title=Hepatology: textbook and atlas : history, morphology, biochemistry, diagnostics, clinic, therapy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oL6d9KuVqLQC&pg=PA191|accessdate=3 July 2011|year=2008|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-76838-8|pages=191–}}</ref>