Sentence-final particle: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:55, 17 August 2012

Revision as of 00:08, 3 March 2014

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{{Expert-subject|Linguistics|date=August 2008}}

'''Sentence-final particles''', including [[modal particle]]s,<ref name="Lin1">{{cite book | last=Lin | first=Huey Hannah | title=Contextualizing Linguistic Politeness in Chinese | url=http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi/Lin%20Huey%20Hannah.pdf?acc_num=osu1109961198 | year=2005 | publisher=The Ohio State University}}</ref> interactional particles,<ref name=Morita>{{cite book | last=Morita | first=Emi | title=Negotiation of Contingent Talk:The Japanese interactional particles ''ne'' and ''sa''. | year=2005 | publisher=John Benjamins}}</ref> etc., are minimal [[lexeme]]s (words) that occur at the end of a sentence and that do not carry [[referential]] meaning, but may relate to [[linguistic modality]], [[Register (sociolinguistics)|register]] or other [[Pragmatics|pragmatic]] effects. Sentence-final particles are common in the [[Chinese language]]s, including particles such as [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] ''le'' 了, ''ne'' 呢, ''ba'' 吧, ''ou'' 哦, ''a'' 啊, ''la'' 啦, ''ya'' 呀, and ''ma'' 嗎/吗, and [[Yue Chinese|Cantonese]] ''lo'' 囉 and ''ge'' 嘅. These particles act as [[Grammatical modifier|qualifiers]] of the clause or sentence they end. Sentence-final particles are also present in [[Japanese language|Japanese]]<ref name=Fox>{{citation | last=Fox |first=Barbara | year=2007 | title=Principles shaping grammatical practices: an exploration. | publisher=Discourse Studies 9 | page=303}}</ref> and many East Asian languages, such as [[Thai language|Thai]], and especially in languages that have undergone heavy [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] influence, such as the [[Monguor|Monguor languages]].

==Structure and uses==