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===Removal of uninteresting correlations===
The influence of such uninteresting correlations can be removed using partial covariance mapping. This method exposes only a part of the correlations, the part that is independent of the fluctuating parameter <math>I</math>, which has to be measured at every laser shot. The formula for partial covariance<ref>W J Krzanowski "Principles of Multivariate Analysis" (Oxford University Press, New York, 1988), Chap. 14.4; K V Mardia, J T Kent and J M Bibby "Multivariate Analysis (Academic Press, London, 1997), Chap. 6.5.3; T W Anderson "An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis" (Wiley, New York, 2003), 3rd ed., Chaps. 2.5.1 and 4.3.1.</ref> is
: <math>\mathbf{pcov}(\mathbf{Y},\mathbf{X};I) = \mathbf{cov}(\mathbf{Y},\mathbf{X}) - \mathbf{cov}(\mathbf{Y},I) \mathbf{cov}(I,\mathbf{X})/\operatorname{cov}(I,I),</math>
where <math>cov(I,I)</math> is the variance of the fluctuating parameter.▼
▲where <math>\operatorname{cov}(I,I)</math> is the variance of the fluctuating parameter.
===Stages of partial covariance mapping===
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