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=== Other sources ===
Mary K. Shenk and others (2010)<ref>{{cite web|title=Intergenerational Wealth Transmission among Agriculturalists|url=http://web.missouri.edu/~shenkm/docs/Shenk2010_CurrentAnthropology.pdf}}</ref> show how intergenerational wealth transmission
Intergenerational wealth transmission among agriculturalists tends to be rather unequal.<ref>{{cite Journal|title=Intergenerational Wealth Transmission among Agriculturalists|url=http://web.missouri.edu/~shenkm/docs/Shenk2010_CurrentAnthropology.pdf|author=Shenk, M K|journal=Current Anthropology|year=2010|month=Feb|volume=51|issue=1|pages=65 - 83}}</ref> Only slightly more than half of the societies studied practice equal division of real property; customs to preserve land relatively intact (most commonly primogeniture) are very common. Wealth transfers are more egalitarian among pastoralists, but unequal inheritance customs also prevail in some of these societies, and they are strongly patrilineal.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://web.missouri.edu/~shenkm/docs/Shenk2010_CurrentAnthropology.pdf | title=Pastoralism and Wealth Inequality | author=Mulder, M B | journal=Current Anthropology | year=2010 | month=Feb | volume=51 | issue=1 | pages=35 - 48 | doi=10.1086/648561}}</ref>
among agriculturalists tends to be rather unequal. Only slightly more than half of the societies they study practice equal division of real property; customs to preserve land relatively intact (most commonly primogeniture) are very common. Borgerhoff Mulder (2010)<ref>{{cite web|title=Pastoralism and Wealth Inequality|url=http://xcelab.net/rmpubs/borgerhoff%20mulder%20et%20al%20pastoralism%20wealth%20CA%202010.pdf}}</ref> shows how wealth transfers are more egalitarian among pastoralists, but unequal inheritance customs also prevail in some of these societies, and they are strongly patrilineal.
AIn studystudying among39 non-Western societies around the world, Rosenblatt and Skoogberg<ref>{{cite news|title=Birth order in cross-cultural perspective.|authors=Rosenblatt, Paul C.; Skoogberg, Elizabeth L.|journal=Developmental Psychology|volume=10(1)|date=Jan 1974|pages=48–54|doi=10.1037/h0035566|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/10/1/48}}</ref> found many customs that distinguished between children according to their sex and birth order. Especially important people, such as the royalty and the aristocracy, were excluded from their study. First sons, in comparison to other sons, "are likely to inherit or otherwise gain control of more family land, livestock, or other wealth." Specifically, first sons inherited more than the other sons among the [[Azande]], the Japanese, the [[Kapauku Papuans]], the [[Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania|Luo]], the [[Mossi people|Mossi]], the [[Tswana people|Tswana]], the [[Katab]], the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]], the [[Mende people|Mende]], the [[Tikopia]] and the western [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]. Among the [[Todas]], both first and last sons inherited more than the other sons, while last sons inherited more than the other sons among the [[Yi people|Lolo]] and the [[Yukaghir]]. Last sons inherited less than any other sons among the [[Luo people of Kenya and Tanzania|Luo]]. Last sons received less respect from their siblings than any other sons among the Dagor [[Mongols]], the [[Fijians]], the Papago, the [[Siuai]], the [[Tonga people|Tonga]], the [[Tswana people|Tswana]], the western [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] and the [[Yanomamo]], but they were more spoiled or indulged by their parents than the other sons among the [[Arapesh]], the Egyptian Fellahin, the [[Hausa people|Hausa]], the [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] and the [[Tikopia]]. Considering all the customs they found (not only those mentioned here), the people with the greatest number of customs favourable to first sons in thetheir study were the [[Tswana people|Tswana]], followed closely by the [[Azande]], while the people with the greatest number of customs favourable to last sons in their study were the [[Yi people|Lolo]]. Apart from the easily predictable finding that being the first son was good among the Japanese, this study confirmed ethnographers' claims that customs favourable to first sons were common in South Asia, [[Austronesia]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], while customs favourable to last sons were common among the ethnic minorities of Southwest China.<ref>{{cite news|title=Birth order in cross-cultural perspective.|authors=Rosenblatt, Paul C.; Skoogberg, Elizabeth L.|journal=Developmental Psychology|volume=10(1)|date=Jan 1974|pages=48–54|doi=10.1037/h0035566|url=http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/10/1/48}}</ref>
Among the Dagor Mongols, only certain customs favourable to first sons were found;, nowhile customs favourable to last sons wereweren't found. The findings concerning the Dagor Mongols contradict those theories that maintain that peoples of the Asian steppe had strong customs favourable to first or last sons.: Thethe only custom that distinguished between sons among the Dagor Mongols was that first sons received more respect from his siblings than the other sons and last sons received less respect from their siblings than the other sons. In fact, the indigenous American peoples, such as the Zapotec, the Gros Ventre, the Klamath, the Papago or the Yanomamo, had significantly more customs favourable to first sons than the Dagor Mongols.
Among [[Arab]] peoples, such as the Egyptian Fellahin, first sons received more elaborate birth ceremonies, had more authority over siblings both during [[childhood]] and in adulthood, and had more power and influence over others. however, but they were also given more duties to perform, and last sons were more indulged or spoiled by their parents than the other sons. All sons inherited the same and had the same wealth.
AmongThe information about [[Alaska Native]] peoples such as the [[Eyak people|Eyak]], firstwas also interesting: First sons had more authority over siblings, had more power and influence over others and were more likely to head a kin group than the other sons, but all sons inherited the same.
Considering all the 39 societies they studied, they found that, on average, "the birth of a first child of either sex is more likely than the birth of other children to increase parent status, stabilize parent marriage, and provide a parental teknonym. Firstborns are likely to receive more elaborate birth ceremonies and, in childhood, to have more authority over siblings and to receive more respect from siblings. In adulthood, firstborn daughters are likely to receive more respect from siblings than other daughters, and firstborn sons, in comparison to other sons, are likely to have more authority over siblings, more control of property, more power or influence over others, to be respected more by siblings, and to head a kin group".
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