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m →Methodology: minor fixes, mostly disambig links using AWB |
m Added 19 dois to journal cites using AWB (10216) |
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Line 11:
| volume=29
| pages=47–65
| doi=10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47
}}</ref> and Allen<ref>{{cite book
| first1=M. P.
Line 77 ⟶ 78:
| volume=52
| pages=2785
| doi=10.1016/s0009-2509(97)00081-x
}}</ref> and Xu 1998.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=B. H.
Line 101 ⟶ 103:
| volume=62
| pages=3378–3396
| doi=10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.089
}}</ref> and Zhu 2008 et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=H. P.
Line 115 ⟶ 118:
| volume=63
| pages=5728–5770
| doi=10.1016/j.ces.2008.08.006
}}</ref> during a review on particulate flows modelled with the CCDM approach. It has seen a mayor development in last two decades and describes motion of the solid phase by the [[Discrete Element Method]] (DEM) on an individual particle scale and the remaining phases are treated by the [[Navier-Stokes]] equations. Thus, the method is recognized as an effective tool to investigate into the interaction between a particulate and fluid phase as reviewed by Yu and Xu,<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=B. H.
Line 139 ⟶ 143:
| volume=43
| pages=8378–8390
| doi=10.1021/ie049387v
}}</ref> and Deen et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=N. G.
Line 153 ⟶ 158:
| volume=62
| pages=28–44
| doi=10.1016/j.ces.2006.08.014
}}</ref> Based on the CCDM methodology the characteristics of spouted and fluidised beds are predicted by Gryczka et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=O.
Line 171 ⟶ 177:
| volume=87
| pages=318–328
| doi=10.1002/cjce.20143
}}</ref>
Line 181 ⟶ 188:
| volume=116
| pages=297–301
| doi=10.1016/s0010-2180(98)00048-0
}}</ref> who described incineration of a wooden moving bed on a forward acting grate.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=B.
Line 189 ⟶ 197:
| volume=131
| pages=132–146
| doi=10.1016/s0010-2180(02)00393-0
}}</ref> The concept was later also employed by Sismsek et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=E.
Line 205 ⟶ 214:
| volume=193
| pages=266–273
| doi=10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.011
}}</ref> to predict the furnace process of a grate firing system. Applications to the complex processes of a blast furnace have been attempted by Shungo et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=Shungo
Line 225 ⟶ 235:
| volume=50
| pages=207–214
| doi=10.2355/isijinternational.50.207
}}</ref> Numerical simulation of fluid injection into a gaseous environment nowadays is adopted by a large number of CFD-codes codes such as Star-CD of [[CD-adapco]], [[Ansys]] and [[AVL (Engineering Firm)|AVL]]-Fire. Droplets of a spray are treated by a zero-dimensional approach to account for heat and mass transfer to the fluid phase.
Line 288 ⟶ 299:
| volume=105
| pages=591–599
| doi=10.1016/0010-2180(96)00221-0
}}</ref>
Line 319 ⟶ 331:
| volume=179
| pages=104–114
| doi=10.1016/j.powtec.2007.06.017
}}</ref> demonstrated that the method could be applied to a complex flow configuration consisting of a fluidized bed, conveyor belt and a cyclone. Similarly, Zhou et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=H.
Line 333 ⟶ 346:
| volume=90
| pages=1584–1590
| doi=10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.017
}}</ref> applied the CCDM approach to the complex geometry of fuel-rich/lean burner for pulverised coal combustion in a plant and Chu et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=K. W.
Line 351 ⟶ 365:
| volume=22
| pages=893–909
| doi=10.1016/j.mineng.2009.04.008
}}</ref> modelled the complex flow of air, water, coal and magnetite particles of different sizes in a dense medium [[cyclone]] (DMC).
Line 363 ⟶ 378:
| volume=15
| pages=141–147
| doi=10.1016/0032-5910(76)80042-3
}}</ref> and Feng and Yu<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=Y. Q.
Line 377 ⟶ 393:
| volume=43
| pages=8378–8390
| doi=10.1021/ie049387v
}}</ref> and applied by Feng and Yu<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=Y. Q.
Line 387 ⟶ 404:
| volume=6
| pages=549–556
| doi=10.1016/j.partic.2008.07.011
}}</ref> to the chaotic motion of particles of different sizes in a gas fluidized bed. Kafuia et al.<ref>{{cite journal
| first1=K. D.
Line 399 ⟶ 417:
| volume=57
| pages=2395–2410
| doi=10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00140-9
}}</ref> describe discrete particle-continuum fluid modelling of gas-solid fluidised beds. Further applications of XDEM include thermal conversion of biomass on a backward and forward acting grate. Heat transfer in a [[packed bed]] reactor was also investigated for hot air streaming upward through the packed bed to heat the particles, which dependent on position and size experience different heat transfer rates. The [[deformation (engineering)|deformation]] of a conveyor belt due to impacting [[granular material]] that is discharged over a chute represents an application in the field of [[Stress (mechanical)|stress]]/[[Deformation (mechanics)|strain]] analysis.
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