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A forensic examination of a database may relate to the timestamps that apply to the update time of a row in a relational table being inspected and tested for validity in order to verify the actions of a database user. Alternatively, a forensic examination may focus on identifying transactions within a database system or application that indicate evidence of wrongdoing, such as fraud.
Software tools such as ACL, [http://www.arbutussoftware.com Arbutus Software] (Arbutus Analyzer) and Idea (which provide a read-only environment) can be used to manipulate and analyse data. These tools also provide audit logging capabilities which provide documented proof of what tasks or analysis a forensic examiner performed on the database.
Currently many database software tools are in general not reliable and precise enough to be used for forensic work as demonstrated in the first paper published on database forensics.<ref>[http://www.giac.org/certified_professionals/practicals/gcfa/0159.php Oracle Database Forensics using LogMiner - GIAC Certified Student Practical<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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