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* Fermi, Ulam and Pasta with help from [[Mary Tsingou]], discover the [[Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem]].<ref>Fermi, E. (posthumously); Pasta, J.; Ulam, S. (1955) : [http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0041.pdf Studies of Nonlinear Problems (accessed 25 Sep 2012)]. Los Alamos Laboratory Document LA-1940. [http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos323/papers/fpu55.pdf Also appeared] in 'Collected Works of Enrico Fermi', E. Segre ed. , [[University of Chicago Press]], Vol.II,978–988,1965. Recovered 21 Dec 2012</ref>
* Molecular dynamics invented by Alder and Wainwright<ref>Alder, B. J.; T. E. Wainwright (1959). "Studies in Molecular Dynamics. I. General Method". J. Chem. Phys. 31 (2): 459. Bibcode 1959JChPh..31..459A. doi:10.1063/1.1730376</ref>
* "[[Equations of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines]]" introduces the [[Metropolis–Hastings algorithm]].<ref>Metropolis, N.; Rosenbluth, A.W.; Rosenbluth, M.N.; Teller, A.H.; Teller, E. (1953): [http://www.aliquote.org/pub/metropolis-et-al-1953.pdf Equations of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines] (Retrieved 3 May 2012). Journal of Chemical Physics 21 (6): 1087–1092. Bibcode 1953JChPh..21.1087M. [[doi:10.1063/1.1699114]].</ref>
* Fermi, Ulam and Pasta with help from [[Mary Tsingou]], discover the [[Fermi–Pasta–Ulam problem]].<ref>Fermi, E. (posthumously); Pasta, J.; Ulam, S. (1955) : [http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0041.pdf Studies of Nonlinear Problems (accessed 25 Sep 2012)]. Los Alamos Laboratory Document LA-1940. [http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos323/papers/fpu55.pdf Also appeared] in 'Collected Works of Enrico Fermi', E. Segre ed. , [[University of Chicago Press]], Vol.II,978–988,1965. Recovered 21 Dec 2012</ref>
* Molecular dynamics invented by Bernie Alder and Wainwright <ref>B. J. Alder and T. E. Wainwright (1957). "Phase Transition for a Hard Sphere System". J. Chem. Phys. 27 (5): 1208. [[doi:10.1063/1.1743957]].</ref><ref>B. J. Alder and T. E. Wainwright (1962). "Phase Transition in Elastic Disks". Phys. Rev. 127 (2): 359–361. [[doi:10.1103/PhysRev.127.359]].</ref>
* Householder invents his [[Householder matrix|eponymous matrices]] and [[Householder transformation|transformation method]] (voted one of the top 10 algorithms of the 20th century).<ref>{{cite journal|first=A. S. |last=Householder |title=Unitary Triangularization of a Nonsymmetric Matrix|journal=[[Journal of the ACM]]
|volume=5 |issue=4 |year=1958 |pages=339–342|doi=10.1145/320941.320947 |mr=0111128}}</ref>
* [[John G.F. Francis]] <ref>
J.G.F. Francis, "The QR Transformation, I", ''The Computer Journal'', vol. 4, no. 3, pages 265-271 (1961, received Oct 1959) [http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/4/3/265 online at oxfordjournals.org];<br>
J.G.F. Francis, "The QR Transformation, II" ''The Computer Journal'', vol. 4, no. 4, pages 332-345 (1962) [http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/4/4/332 online at oxfordjournals.org].<br></ref> and [[Vera Kublanovskaya]]<ref>Vera N. Kublanovskaya (1961), "On some algorithms for the solution of the complete eigenvalue problem," USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 1(3), pages 637–657 (1963, received Feb 1961). Also published in: Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki [Journal of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics], 1(4), pages 555–570 (1961).</ref> invent [[QR factorization]] (voted one of the top 10 algorithms of the 20th century).
== 1960s ==
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