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* [[Primary storage|Main memory]] ([[DRAM]]) – may take hundreds of cycles, but can be multiple gigabytes
* [[Disk storage]] – hundreds of thousands of cycles latency, but very large
* [[Tertiary storage]] – tape, optical disk (WORM)
==Management ==
Modern [[programming language]]s mainly assume two levels of memory, main memory and disk storage, though directly accessing registers is allowable in rare cases. Programmers are responsible for moving data between disk and memory through file I/O. Hardware is in charge of moving data between memory and caches. Compilers are trying to optimize the usage of caches and registers.
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