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* The matrix can represent a large number of [[Systems theory|system]] elements and their relationships in a compact way that highlights important patterns in the data (such as [[feedback loop]]s and modules).
* The presentation is amenable to matrix-based analysis techniques, which can be used to improve the structure of the system.
* In modeling activities precedence it allows representing feedback linkages that cannot be modeled by [[
DSM analysis provides insights into how to manage complex systems or projects, highlighting [[information flow]]s, task/activities sequences and iteration. It can help teams to streamline their processes based on the optimal flow of information between different interdependent activities.
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The off-diagonal cells are used to indicate relationships between the elements. A marking of the cell indicates a directed link between two elements and can represent design relations or constraints between product components, communication between teams, information flow or precedence relations between activities. Reading across a row reveals the outputs that the element in that row provides to other elements, and scanning a column reveals the inputs that the element in that column receives from other elements. For example, in the DSM, the marking in row A and column C indicated a link from A to C (output from A, input to C).<ref>S.D. Eppinger and T.R. Browning, Design Structure Matrix Methods and Applications, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2012.</ref> Alternatively, the rows and columns may be switched (without a change of meaning). Such notation is used by some researchers, but is less common.
The cells along the diagonal are typically used to represent the system elements. However, the diagonal cells can be used for representing self-iterations (e.g., rework of a code that did not pass its unit testing). Self-iterations are required when a matrix element represents a block of activities/subsystems that may be further detailed, allowing hierarchical DSM structure.<ref>A. Karniel and Y. Reich, “Simulating Design Processes with self-iteration activities based on DSM planning,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems Engineering and Modeling - ICSEM'07, Haifa, 2007. [http://www.researchgate.net/publication/4255493_Simulating_Design_Processes_with_self-iteration_activities_based_on_DSM_planning]</ref>
Two main categories of DSMs have been proposed: static and time-based.<ref>T. Browning: ''Applying the Design Structure Matrix to System Decomposition and Integration Problems: A Review and New Directions.'' In: ''IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.'' 48(3), 2001, S. 292-306.</ref>
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===DSM marking===
Initially, the off-diagonal cell markings indicated only the existence/non-existence of an interaction (link) between elements, using a symbol (or the figure '1'). Such marking is defined as
==DSM algorithms==
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