'''The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework''' (''commonly known as IAD'') is a [[Systematic_sampling|systematic method]] to collect policy analysis functions similar to [[analytical technique|analytic technique]] commonly used in [[Physical science|physical]] and [[social science]]s and understand the ways an institution can operate and change over a period of time.<ref name=indiana>{{cite web|author1=Michael D. McGinnis|title=An Introduction to IAD and the Language of the Ostrom Workshop: A Simple Guide to a Complex Framework for the Analysis of Institutions and Their Development|url=http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=751119001100098006090092064001065006034048031046008017077070065006068117100125067022058117006035008099001118111016111092122095106078039042042125118092118002001030086033030046005106074116117000084089121084&EXT=pdf&TYPE=1|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|accessdate=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=mason>{{cite book|author1=Margaret M. Polski|author2=Elinor Ostrom|title=An Institutional Framework for Policy Analysis and Design|url=https://mason.gmu.edu/~mpolski/documents/PolskiOstromIAD.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref> It was developed by [[Elinor Ostrom]], an American [[political scientist]], also known as first woman to receive the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] in 2009.<ref>[[Elinor Ostrom|Ostrom, Elinor]]. (1990) ''Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action''. New York: Cambridge University.</ref>
'''The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework''' (IAD framework) was originally developed{{when|date=February 2015}} to help unpicking the complexities of institutions and institutional configurations. The IAD views institutions as set of rules, which determine the proceeding of reoccurring actions.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Charlotte Hess|author2=Elinor Ostrom|title=Ideas, Artifacts, and Facilities: Information as a Common-Pool Resource|url=http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1276&context=lcp|publisher=Duke University School of Law|accessdate=30 January 2015|page=22}}</ref>
[[The Institutional Analysis and Development Framework views institutions as human-made system within which individual choices take place and which configure consequences of the respective choices.<ref name=indiana/><ref>{{cite web|author1=Charlotte Hess|author2=Elinor Ostrom]]|title=Ideas, anArtifacts, Americanand politicalFacilities: economistInformation haveas describeda theCommon-Pool Resource|url=http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1276&context=lcp|publisher=Duke University School of Law|accessdate=30 January 2015|page=22}}</ref>{{verification failed}} According to Ostrom, IAD asis a "multi-level conceptual map" with which one could zoom in and out of particular hierarchical parts of the regularised interactions in an established social system. It assumes a context to the particular interaction in which the general network of regular actors would be analysed, the particular rules-in-use, and the particular common outcome that they hope to achieve. In the traditional analysis of [[Common-pool_resource|common pool arrangements]], the common outcome would be a particular resource which the actors draw on.<ref name="Understanding Institutional Diversity">{{cite book|author=Elinor Ostrom|title=Understanding Institutional Diversity|date=2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|___location=Princeton|isbn=9781400831739|url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8085.pdf|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> IAD defines institutions as, "shared concepts used by humans in repetitive situations organized by rules, norms, and strategies".<ref>{{cite web|author1=Xavier Basurto|author2=Gordon Kingsley|author3=Kelly McQueen|author4=Mshadoni Smith|author5=Christopher M. Weible|title=A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS: APPLYING CRAWFORD AND OSTROM’S GRAMMATICAL SYNTAX|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~workshop/publications/materials/W08-33%20Draft.pdf|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|accessdate=2 February 2015}}</ref>
Charlotte Hess noted researcher on Commons[[Common-pool resourcesresource]]<ref>{{cite web|title=SelectedWorks of Charlotte Hess|url=http://works.bepress.com/charlotte_hess/|accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref>, said that the repositories at her academic institutions resembled commons in respects to the incentives for contributing information and the sharing of network capacity in the cases where information resource is in high demand.{{huh}}<ref name="Charlotte Hess">{{cite web|author1=Charlotte Hess|title=The Virtual CPR: The Internet as a Local and Global Common Pool Resource|url=http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/234/iascp-95-II.pdf?sequence=1|publisher=Indiana University|accessdate=30 January 2015|pages=5-6|date=May 1995}}</ref>
Before Ostrom passed away in 2010, she further elaborated the possible rules whichto should be considered in analysinganalyze a particular action situation.<ref name="Understanding Institutional Diversity"/>
