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'''Slavery''' is the social and legal designation of specific [[person]]s as [[property]], for the purpose of providing labor and services for the owner without the right of the slave to refuse, or gain compensation.
==Definitions==
Where slavery is a legal practice, slaves may be held under the control of another person, group, organization, or state. The legal designation of slavery is rare, as most societies consider slavery to be illegal, and persons held as in such condition are considered by authorities to be victims of unlawful [[imprisonment]].
A specific form, known as chattel slavery, is defined by the absolute legal ownership of a person or persons by another person or state, including the legal right to buy and sell them just as one would any common object.
The [[1926 Slavery Convention]] described slavery as "...the status or/and condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised..." Therefore, slaves cannot leave an owner, an employer or a territory without explicit permission (they must have a [[passport]] to leave), and they will be returned if they escape. Therefore a system of slavery; as opposed to the isolated instances found in any society — requires official, legal recognition of ownership, or widespread tacit arrangements with local authorities, by masters who have some influence because of their social and/or economic status.
The word ''slave'' comes from the [[Latin]] term ''sclavus.'' The current usage of the word '''[[serfdom]]''' is not usually synonymous with slavery, because serfs are considered to have had some [[rights]]. In the strictest sense of the word, "slaves" are people who are not only owned, but who have no rights and are also not paid.
The [[International Labour Organization]] defines "forced labour" as "all work or service which is extracted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily", albeit with certain exceptions: military service, convicts, emergencies and minor community services. [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=5059]. The ILO asserts that child labour amounts to forced labour in which the child's work is exacted from the family as a whole.
In some historical contexts, [[debt slavery|compulsory labour to repay debts]] by adults has been regarded as slavery, depending upon the rights held by such individuals.
[[Mandatory military service]] in [[liberal democracy|liberal democracies]] is a controversial subject: one view is that conscripts are not "slaves", as they have substantial legal rights, and any government which took it upon itself to implement [[conscription]], outside a time of extreme national [[emergency]], would eventually face a backlash at an [[election]]. Another view interprets acceptance of conscription as a sign of [[chauvinist]], [[ultra-nationalist]] and/or [[fascist]] [[ideology|ideologies]], justified by philosophies such as the [[Hegelian]] notion of nations having rights which supersede those of individuals.
In [[United States]] [[law|legal]] usage, the term [[involuntary servitude]] means a condition of labouring for another without one's willful consent. It does not necessarily mean the complete lack of freedom found in chattel slavery.
Many progressive thinkers have discussed the idea of "[[wage slavery]]", although it is generally accepted that payment of a [[wage]] signifies "free labour", with the quite different disadvantages experienced by such workers.
In some political philosophies such as [[anarcho-capitalism]] {{fact}}, government taxation of citizens is considered a form of slavery.
Some proponents of [[animal rights]] apply the term "slavery" to the condition of some or all non-human animals<ref name="MSpiegel">Spiegel, Marjorie. ''The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery'', New York: Mirror Books, 1996.</ref>.
==Effects of slavery==
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