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Notice that if some mischievous person, Carol, intercepts Alice's qubit en route to Bob, all that is obtained by Carol is part of an entangled state. No useful information whatsoever is gained by Carol, unless she can interact with Bob's qubit.
== General dense coding scheme ==
General dense coding schemes can be formulated in the language used to describe [[quantum channel]]s. Alice and Bob share a maximally entangled state ''ω'', i.e.
:<math>\omega \in H \otimes H </math>
has the maximally mixed state
:<math>\begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{n} & \; & \; \\ \; & \ddots \; \\ \; & \; & \frac{1}{n} \end{bmatrix}</math>
as its [[partial trace]].
==References==
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