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An '''abstracting service''' is a service that provides [[Abstract (summary)|abstracts]] of publications, often on a subject or group of related subjects, usually on a subscription basis.<ref>Manzer, B. M. (1977). ''The Abstract Journal, 1790-1920. Origin, Development and Diffusion''. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press.</ref> An '''indexing service''' is a service that assigns descriptors and other kinds of access points to [[document]]s. The word indexing service is today mostly used for computer programs, but may also cover services providing [[back-of-the-book index]]es, journal indexes, and related kinds of [[index (publishing)|indexes]]. An '''indexing and abstracting service''' is a service that provides shortening or summarizing of documents and assigning of descriptors for referencing documents.<ref>Klempner, Irving M. (1968). ''Diffusion of abstracting and indexing services for government-sponsored research''. Metuchen, N.J. Scarecrow Press.</ref>
The product is often an '''abstracts journal 1''' or a [[bibliographic index]], which may be a subject bibliography or a [[bibliographic database]].
Guidelines for indexing and abstracting, including the evaluation of such services, are given in the literature of [[library and information science]].<ref>Lancaster, F. W. (1991/1998/2003). ''Indexing and abstracting in theory and practice''. London: Library Association. (1st ed. 1991; 2nd ed. 1998; 3rd. ed. 2003).</ref>
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