The '''Community Earth System Model''' ('''CESM''') is a fully- coupled [[Mathematical model|numerical]] [[Computer simulation|simulation]] of the [[Earth system science|Earth system]] consisting of [[Atmospheric model|atmospheric]], ocean, ice, land surface, carbon cycle, and other components. CESM is [[climate model]] providing state-of-art simulations of the Earth's past, present, and future.<ref name="CESM">{{cite journal |last = Hurrell |first = James W. |coauthors = M. M. Holland, P. R. Gent |title = The Community Earth System Model: A Framework for Collaborative Research |journal = B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. |volume = 94 |issue = 9 |pages = 1339-60 |date = 2013 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00121.1 }}</ref> It is the successor of the [[Community Climate System Model]] (CCSM), specifically version 4 (CCSMv4), which provided the initial atmospheric component for CESM. Strong [[ensemble forecasting]] capabilities, CESM-LE, were developed at the onset to control for error and biases across different model runs (realizations).<ref>{{cite journal |last = Kay |first = J. E. |coauthors = et al |title = The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A Community Resource for Studying Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Climate Variability |journal = B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. |volume = |issue = |pages = |date = 2014 |doi = 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1 }}</ref> Simulations from the [[Earth's surface]] to the [[thermosphere]] were generated utilizing the [[Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model]] (WACCM). CESM1 was released in 2010 with primary development by Climate and Global Dynamics Division (CGD) of the [[National Center for Atmospheric Research]] (NCAR), and significant funding by the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) and the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]] (DoE).<ref>[https://www2.cesm.ucar.edu/models CESM: Models]</ref>
