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[[File:Robot sensors.jpg|thumb|right|size|300px|Types of [[robot]] sensors ([[Light]] and [[Sound]] sensors)]]
'''Robotic sensors''' are used to estimate a [[robot]]'s condition and its environment. These signals are passed to a robot controller in order to control robot functionality.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotstorehk.com/sensor.html | title=Automation and Robotics ( Robot Store ) | publisher=Robot Store (HK) | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=Active Robots | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>
'''Sensors''' in robots are based on the functionfunctions of human sensory organs. ForThis example,is sensorswhy are often intended to mimic the sensory functions of the eyes or skin. Asterms such, terms likeas vision, tactile, and similarother terms forused otherfor sensory functions are commonly used in discussiondiscussions ofabout robotic sensors. Robots, like humans, must gather extensive information about their environment in order to function effectively.
== Part-Picking ==
In a special parts feeder, an alignment pallet is not necessarily required. The reason for this sinceis an automatic system can be constructed at low cost for alignment operations, such as vision sensors that perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertion [[robot]]s can precisely perform fitting and insertion operationoperations of [[machine]] parts precisely with the help of different kindkinds of [[sensor]]s. Different phases' parts are attached by the [[robot]] after matching. Such a robotic system can perform tasks that are beyond a human approachcannot perform.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>
== Robot Sensation ==
Robot Sensation is a term that refers to sensory input, allowing robots to measure thephysical distanceproperties. betweenDepending objects,on the presencetype of light,sensors theembedded frequencyin ofthe sound[[robot]], etc.a robot can measure physical properties, dependingsuch onas the typedistance ofbetween sensorsobjects, embeddedthe inpresence of light, and the [[robot]]frequency of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>
Robots can measure:
* Object Proximity: PresenceThe presence/absence of an object, bearing, color, distance between objects.
* Physical orientation. The co-ordinates of object in space.
* Heat: The Wavelengthwavelength of infrared or ultra violet rays, temperature, magnitude, direction.
* Chemicals: Robot can measureThe presence, identity, and concentration of chemicals or reactants.
* Light: PresenceThe of lightpresence, different color, and intensity of light.
* Sound: PresenceThe presence, frequency, and intensity of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot Plateform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>
== Sensor Classification ==
Sensors in robots are likesimilar to our eyes, nose, ears, mouth, and skin. The following are major capabilities required by a robot are as follows:
* Simple Touch: TheSensing the presence or absence of an object.
* Taction or Complex Touch: TheSensing the presence of an object plus some information on its size and shape.
* Simple Force: MeasuredMeasureing force along a single axis.
* Comples Force: MeasuredMeasuring force along two or more axes.
* Proximity: Non-contact detection of an object.
* Simple Vision: Detection ofDetecting edges, holes, corners, and so on.
* Complex Vision: Recognition ofRecognizing shapes.
For motion control, potentiometers, tacho-generators, encoder, etc. are used as joint sensors, whereas strain-gauge based sensing etc., are used at the end-effector ___location for contact force control.
==Internal sensor==
Internal sensors, as the name suggests, are used to measure the internal state of a robot, i.e. itsThey are used to measure properties such as position, velocity, acceleration, etc. at a particular instantinstance.
'''Position sensors''' measure the position of each joint (i.e., the joint angle of a robot). DifferentThe position sensorsfollowing are explaineddifferent next.position sensors:
* Encoder: EncoderAn encoder is a digital optical device that converts motion into a sequence of digital pulses.
* Potentiometer:Potentiometer A potentiometer, also referred to as simplya ‘pot’，is"pot"，is a variable resistance device that expresses linear or angular displacements in terms of voltage.
* LVDT: The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is one of the most widely used displacement transducers, particularly when high accuracy is needed. It generates an AC signal whose magnitude is related to the displacement of a moving core.
* Synchros and Resolvers.
'''Velocity Sensors''', or speed sensors, measure try taking consecutive position measurements at known time intervals and computingcompute the time rate of change ofin the position values or it directly findingfinds it based on different principles.
==See also==
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