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{{pp-vandalism|expiry=1 May 2015|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2014}}
[[File:Android historical version distribution - vector.svg|thumb|right|upright=2.4|Global Android version distribution since December 2009. {{As of|2015|5}}, Android 4.4 "KitKat" is the single most widely used Android version, operating on 39.8% of all Android devices accessing [[Google Play]]. The second are different Android "Jelly Bean" versions (4.1–4.3.1), with a combined share of 39.2%.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.androidpolice.com/2015/05/04/platform-distribution-numbers-updated-lollipop-jumps-to-nearly-10-kitkat-dips-below-40/
| title = Platform Distribution Numbers Updated{{snd}} Lollipop Jumps To Nearly 10%, KitKat Dips Below 40%
| date = May 4, 2015 | accessdate = May 7, 2015
| author = Ryan Whitwam | website = androidpolice.com
}}</ref>]]
The version history of the [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[mobile operating system]] began with the release of the Android [[beta (software)|beta]] in November 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Android is under ongoing development by [[Google]] and the [[Open Handset Alliance]] (OHA), and has seen a number of [[patch (computing)|updates]] to its base operating system since its initial release.
The most recent major Android update is [[Android Lollipop|Android 5.0]] "Lollipop", which was released on November 3, 2014. Since April 2009, Android versions have been developed under a [[confectionery]]-themed [[code name]] and released in alphabetical order, beginning with Android 1.5 "Cupcake"; the earlier versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names:
{{Div col||20em}}
* Alpha (1.0)
* Beta (1.1)
* Cupcake (1.5)
* Donut (1.6)
* Eclair (2.0–2.1)
* Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)
* Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)
* Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)
* [[Android 4.0|Ice Cream Sandwich]] (4.0–4.0.4)
* [[Android Jelly Bean|Jelly Bean]] (4.1–4.3.1)
* KitKat (4.4–4.4.4, 4.4W–4.4W.2)
* [[Android Lollipop|Lollipop]] (5.0–5.1.1)
{{Div col end}}
On September 3, 2013, Google announced that one billion activated Android devices were in use worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2013/09/03/android-device-activations-1-billion/ |title=Android device activation numbers reach 1 billion worldwide |publisher=Phandroid.com |date=September 3, 2013 |accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref> In January 2015, Android devices accounted for approximately 62% of the US smartphone and tablet market, 82.7% of the Chinese market, and 73.3% of the European market.{{cn|date=February 2015}}
== Pre-commercial release versions ==
The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm |title=Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal |last=Elgin |first=Ben |date=August 17, 2005 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |publisher=Bloomberg |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5wk7sIvVb |archivedate=February 24, 2011 |accessdate=February 20, 2012 }}</ref>
=== Alpha ===
There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the OHA before the beta version was released in November 2007. For the milestones in internal releases, names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "[[Astro Boy]]", "[[Bender (Futurama)|Bender]]" and "[[R2-D2]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/09/17/a-history-of-pre-cupcake-android-codenames/ |title=A History of Pre-Cupcake Android Codenames |publisher=Android Police |date=September 17, 2012 |accessdate=October 20, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/+AndroidPolice/posts/MwDsoxDJ9qQ |title=Dianne Hackborn |publisher=Google+ |date=September 1, 2012 |accessdate=April 8, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://plus.google.com/112413860260589530492/posts/WrBh6fsChfH |title=Dan Morrill |publisher=Google+ |date=January 2, 2013 |accessdate=January 5, 2013}}</ref>
Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.<ref>{{cite news |last=Breeze |first=Mez |title=The designer behind the logo |url=http://thenextweb.com/dd/2012/09/08/the-stories-inspiration-behind-world-famous-logos/ |work=TheNextWeb.com |publisher=TNW |accessdate=August 14, 2013}}</ref> The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived the confectionary-themed naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5 "Cupcake".
=== Beta ===
The [[Beta (software)|beta]] was released on November 5, 2007,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Google Operating System |url=http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/11/google-launches-android-open-mobile.html |title=Google Launches Android, an Open Mobile Platform |date=November 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Gizmodo]] |url=http://gizmodo.com/#!318561/live-googles-gphone-open-handset-alliance-conference-call |format=transcript |title=Live Google’s gPhone Open handset alliance conference call |date=November 5, 2007|accessdate=February 8, 2013}}</ref> while the [[software development kit]] (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=Macworld | url=http://www.macworld.com/article/61005/2007/11/androidsdk.html |title=Google releases Android SDK |date=November 12, 2007|accessdate=February 8, 2013}}</ref> The November 5 date is popularly celebrated as Android's "birthday".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.devfest.info/vhackandroid |title=Android's 5th Birthday Celebration: European Best-of-Best Hackathon Series|publisher=Devfest.info |date=October 2012 |accessdate=January 5, 2013}}</ref> Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order:<ref name="sdk-archives">{{cite web
| url = http://developer.android.com/sdk/older_releases.html
| title = SDK Archives
| accessdate = March 7, 2015
| website = developer.android.com
}}</ref>
* November 12, 2007: m3-rc20a (milestone 3, release code 20a)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/1/#milestone3 |title=Android 0.5, Milestone 3—the first public build - The history of Android |publisher=Ars Technica |date=June 16, 2014 |accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref>
* November 16, 2007: m3-rc22a (milestone 3, release code 22a)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.be/2007/11/android-first-week.html |title=Android: the first week |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=November 16, 2007 |accessdate=January 24, 2013}}</ref>
* December 14, 2007: m3-rc37a (milestone 3, release code 37a)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.be/2007/12/life-can-be-tough-here-are-few-sdk.html |title=Life can be tough; here are a few SDK improvements to make it a little easier |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=December 14, 2007 |accessdate=January 24, 2013}}</ref>
* February 13, 2008: m5-rc14 (milestone 5, release code 14)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.be/2008/02/android-sdk-m5-rc14-now-available.html |title=Android SDK m5-rc14 now available |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 13, 2008 |accessdate= January 24, 2013}}</ref>
*March 3, 2008: m5-rc15 (milestone 5, release code 15)<ref name="sdk-archives"/>
* August 18, 2008: 0.9<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.be/2008/08/announcing-beta-release-of-android-sdk.html |title=Announcing a beta release of the Android SDK |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=August 18, 2008 |accessdate= January 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/3/ |title=Android 0.9, Beta—hey, this looks familiar! - The history of Android |publisher=Ars Technica |date=June 16, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2015}}</ref>
* September 23, 2008: 1.0-r1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.be/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |accessdate= January 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/6/ |title=Android 1.0—introducing Google Apps and actual hardware - The history of Android |publisher=Ars Technica |date=June 16, 2014 |accessdate= March 11, 2015}}</ref>
{{Gallery
|title=Screenshots of beta versions running on an old SDK emulator
|width=160 | height=170 | lines=1 |align=left
|File:Android m3-rc20a on Emulator.png |m3-rc20a
|File:Android Milestone 3 release code 22a Screenshot.png |m3-rc22a
|File:Android m3-rc37a.png |m3-rc37a
|File:Android m5-rc14.png |m5-rc14
|File:Android m5-rc15.png |m5-rc15
|File:Android 0.9 Screenshot.png |0.9
}}
{{Clear}}
==Version history by API level==
The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official [[application programming interface]] (API) levels.
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 1.0 (API level 1)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morrill |first=Dan |title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=September 23, 2008 |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html |accessdate=January 12, 2011}}</ref> The first commercially available Android device was the [[HTC Dream]].<ref name=HTC>{{cite news |publisher=T-Mobile |url= http://www.t-mobile.com/company/PressReleases_Article.aspx?assetName=Prs_Prs_20080923&title=T-Mobile%20Unveils%20the%20T-Mobile%20G1%20%E2%80%93%20the%20First%20Phone%20Powered%20by%20Android |accessdate=October 15, 2013 |title=T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 – the First Phone Powered by Android}}</ref> Android 1.0 incorporated the following features:
|-
! style="background:#e9e9e9; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#e9e9e9; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#e9e9e9; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#e9e9e9; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 1.0
| September 23, 2008
|
* [[Android Market]] application download and updates through the Market application
* [[Web browser]] to show, zoom and pan full [[HTML]] and [[XHTML]] web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards")<ref name="Engadget">{{cite news |url=http://www.engadget.com/2008/10/16/t-mobile-g1-review-part-2-software-and-wrap-up/ |title=T-Mobile G1 review, part 2: software and wrap-up |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |publisher=Engadget |date=October 16, 2008 |accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0">{{cite web |publisher=Google |url=https://sites.google.com/a/android.com/opensource/release-features---android-1-0 |title=Release features – Android 1.0 |year=2008 |accessdate=February 7, 2013}}</ref>
* Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone">{{cite news |publisher=PC Magazine |url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2331003,00.asp |title=T-Mobile G1 (Google Android Phone) |first=Sascha |last=Segan |date=October 16, 2008 |accessdate=February 6, 2013}}</ref>
* Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/folders-on-the-android-desktop-and-how-to-rename-them-466/ |title=Folders on the Android desktop, and how to rename them |publisher=Android Authority |first=Darcy |last=LaCouvee |date=October 17, 2008 |accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref>
* Access to web email servers, supporting [[POP3]], [[IMAP4]], and [[SMTP]]<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* [[Gmail]] synchronization with the Gmail application
* [[Google Contacts]] synchronization with the People application
* [[Google Calendar]] synchronization with the Calendar application
* [[Google Maps]] with [[Google Street View|Street View]] to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local business and obtain driving directions using [[GPS]]<ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* [[Google Sync]], allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar
* [[Google Search]], allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc.
* [[Google Talk]] instant messaging
* [[Instant messaging]], [[text messaging]], and MMS
* [[Media player (application software)|Media Player]], enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo [[Bluetooth]] support<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref name="T-Mobile G1 Google Android Phone"/>
* Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts<ref name="Engadget"/><ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html |title=Status Bar Notifications |publisher=Android Developers|date=May 24, 2012|accessdate=June 1, 2012}}</ref>
* Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number<ref name="Release features – Android 1.0"/>
* Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets
* [[YouTube]] video player<ref name="Android for Dummies">{{cite web|url=http://www.techpluto.com/what-is-android/ | title=What is Android? | date=September 18, 2008|publisher=TechPluto.com|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref>
* Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings
* [[Wi-Fi]] and Bluetooth support
|[[File:Android 1.0 Screenshot.png|180px]]{{br}}Android 1.0 on the old Android SDK emulator
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#c6d6ac; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 1.1 (API level 2)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as "[[Petit four|Petit Four]]" internally, though this name was not used officially.<ref>{{cite web|title=Android Platform Overview|url=http://source.android.com/source/overview.html|publisher=Android.com|accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> The update resolved bugs, changed the Android [[Application programming interface|API]] and added a number of features:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.1.html |title=Android 1.1 Version Notes |date=February 2009 |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=January 12, 2011}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#c6d6ac; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#c6d6ac; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#c6d6ac; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#c6d6ac; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 1.1
| February 9, 2009
|
* Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps
* Longer in-call screen timeout default when using the speakerphone, plus ability to show/hide dialpad
* Ability to save attachments in messages
* Support added for marquee in system layouts
| [[File:Android 1.1 Beta Screenshot.png|180px]]{{br}}Android 1.1 on the Android SDK emulator
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#d9aaa9; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 1.5 Cupcake (API level 3)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on [[Linux kernel]] 2.6.27.<ref name="cupcake-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |title=Android 1.5 is here! |date=April 27, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |accessdate=September 3, 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090925095047/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/04/android-15-is-here.html |archivedate=September 25, 2009 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rob |first=Jackson |title=CONFIRMED: Official Cupcake Update Underway for T-Mobile G1 USA & UK! |date=April 30, 2009 |url=http://phandroid.com/2009/04/30/official-cupcake-update-underway-for-t-mobile-g1-usa/ |publisher=Phandroid |accessdate=September 3, 2009}}</ref> This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item ("Cupcake"), a theme which would be used for all releases henceforth. The update included several new features and UI amendments:<ref name="cupcake-highlights">{{cite web |date=April 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.5-highlights.html |title=Android 1.5 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=September 3, 2009}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#d9aaa9; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#d9aaa9; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#d9aaa9; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#d9aaa9; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 1.5
| April 27, 2009<ref name="cupcake-is-here"/>
|
* Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and user dictionary for custom words
* Support for [[Widget engine|Widgets]] – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/appwidgets/index.html |title=App Widgets |publisher=Android Developers|year=2012|accessdate=October 23, 2012}}</ref>
* Video recording and playback in [[MPEG-4]] and 3GP formats
* Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles)
* Copy and paste features in web browser
* User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts
* Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from call log event
* Animated screen transitions
* Auto-rotation option
* New stock boot animation
* Ability to upload videos to [[YouTube]]
* Ability to upload photos to [[Picasa]]
|[[File:Android 1.5 Cupcake Screenshot.png|180px]]{{br}}Android 1.5 on the Android SDK emulator
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#aabad7; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 1.6 Donut (API level 4)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On September 15, 2009, the Android 1.6 SDK – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<ref name="Word-highlights" /><ref name="Word-is-here">{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |title=Android 1.6 SDK is here |date=September 15, 2009 |publisher=Android Developers Blog |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |accessdate=October 1, 2009 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090925095011/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html |archivedate=September 25, 2009 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Paul |title=Google releases Android 1.6; Palm unleashes WebOS 1.2 |date=October 1, 2009 |url= http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |work=Ars Technica |accessdate=October 1, 2009 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091002105348/http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/news/2009/10/google-releases-android-16-palm-releases-webos-12.ars |archivedate=October 2, 2009 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Included in the update were numerous new features:<ref name="Word-highlights">{{cite web |title=Android 1.6 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |date=September 2009 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |accessdate=October 1, 2009 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090927092517/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-1.6-highlights.html |archivedate=September 27, 2009 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#aabad7; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#aabad7; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#aabad7; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#aabad7; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 1.6
| September 15, 2009<ref name="Word-is-here"/>
|
* Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web
* Ability for developers to include their content in search results
* Multi-lingual [[speech synthesis]] engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text
* Easier searching and ability to view app screenshots in Android Market
* Gallery, camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access
* Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion
* Updated technology support for [[IS-95|CDMA]]/[[Evolution-Data Optimized|EVDO]], [[IEEE 802.1X|802.1x]], [[virtual private network|VPNs]], and a text-to-speech engine
* Support for [[Wide VGA|WVGA]] screen resolutions
* Speed improvements in searching and camera applications
* Expanded Gesture framework and new GestureBuilder development tool
|[[File:Android 1.6 on the Android SDK.png|180px]]<br/>Android 1.6 on the Android SDK emulator
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#c8bcd6; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 2.0 Éclair (API level 5)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On October 26, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK – codenamed Éclair – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |title=Android 2.0, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=October 27, 2009 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091028223443/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archivedate=October 28, 2009 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Changes included:<ref name="eclair-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |title=Android 2.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=October 27, 2009 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091029032030/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0-highlights.html |archivedate=October 29, 2009 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#c8bcd6; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#c8bcd6; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#c8bcd6; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#c8bcd6; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 2.0
| October 26, 2009
|
* Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of email and contacts
* [[Microsoft Exchange Server|Microsoft Exchange]] email support, with combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page
* Bluetooth 2.1 support
* Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person
* Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with delete oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached
* Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus
* Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions
* Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for [[HTML5]]
* Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and ability to invite new guests to events
* Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI
* Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio
* Improved [[Google Maps]] 3.1.2
* MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events<ref>{{cite web |title=Android 2.0 API Changes Summary |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html#api-changes |accessdate=March 6, 2010 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100124023755/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.html |archivedate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
* Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement
|[[File:Android 2.0 Screenshot.png|180px]]<br/>Android 2.0 on the Android SDK emulator
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#a592bb; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 2.0.1 Éclair (API level 6)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|
|-
! style="background:#a592bb; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#a592bb; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#a592bb; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#a592bb; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 2.0.1
| December 3, 2009<ref name = "2.0.1 SDK">{{cite web |url= http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |title=Android 2.0.1, Release 1 SDK |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=January 17, 2010 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100115003947/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.0.1.html |archivedate=January 15, 2010 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|
* Minor API changes, bugfixes and framework behavioral changes
|
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#8064a2; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 2.1 Éclair (API level 7)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|
|-
! style="background:#8064a2; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#8064a2; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#8064a2; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#8064a2; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 2.1
| January 12, 2010<ref name = "2.1 SDK">{{cite web |url= http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |title=Android 2.1, Release 1 |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=January 17, 2010 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100115061739/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html |archivedate=January 15, 2010 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|
* Minor amendments to the API and bugfixes
|
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#9bbd59; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 2.2–2.2.3 Froyo (API level 8)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for [[frozen yogurt]]) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.<ref name="froyo-dev-blog">{{cite web |url= http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/05/android-22-and-developers-goodies.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.2 and developers goodies |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=May 20, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=May 20, 2010}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#9bbd59; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#9bbd59; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#9bbd59; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#9bbd59; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 2.2
| May 20, 2010
|
* Speed, memory, and performance optimizations<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features">{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/20/exclusive-unofficially-confirmed-froyo-features-post-day-1-of-google-io-google-io-blitz-coverage-day-1/ |title=Unofficially Confirmed Froyo Features, Post-Day-1 Of Google I/O |publisher=Android Police |accessdate=May 20, 2010}}</ref>
* Additional application speed improvements, implemented through [[Just-in-time compilation|JIT compilation]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2010/05/11/exclusive-androidpolice-coms-nexus-one-is-running-android-2-2-froyo-how-fast-is-it-compared-to-2-1-oh-only-about-450-faster/ |title=Nexus One Is Running Android 2.2 Froyo. How Fast Is It Compared To 2.1? Oh, Only About 450% Faster |publisher=Android Police |accessdate=May 13, 2010}}</ref>
* Integration of [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]'s [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8 JavaScript engine]] into the Browser application
* Support for the [[Android Cloud to Device Messaging]] (C2DM) service, enabling [[Push technology|push notifications]]
* Improved [[Microsoft Exchange]] support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe
* Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications
* USB tethering and [[Wi-Fi hotspot]] functionality<ref name="wired sorrel 2010">{{cite news |url= http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-usb-wi-fi-tethering/ |title=Android 2.2 ‘Froyo’ Features USB, Wi-Fi Tethering |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=May 13, 2010 |accessdate=February 14, 2013 |author=Sorrel, Charlie}}</ref>
* Option to disable data access over mobile network.
* Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.<ref name="unofficial-froyo-features"/>
* Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries.
* Support for [[Bluetooth]]-enabled car and desk docks
* Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords
* Support for file upload fields in the Browser application<ref>{{cite web |url= https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2519#c112 |title=Browser support for file upload field is coming in Froyo |publisher=code.google.com |accessdate=May 13, 2010}}</ref>
* The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only
* Support for installing applications to the expandable memory
* [[Adobe Flash]] support<ref>{{cite news |url = http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/ |title=Google's Andy Rubin on Everything Android |work=New York Times |accessdate =May 20, 2010 |first=Brad |last=Stone |date=April 27, 2010 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100430192951/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/googles-andy-rubin-on-everything-android/? |archivedate=April 30, 2010 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
* Support for high-[[Pixel density|PPI]] displays (up to 320 ppi), such as 4" 720p screens<ref name="multiple-screens">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#range |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Range of screens supported |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=February 8, 2013}}</ref>
* Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture
| rowspan=4 |[[File:Android 2.2 Froyo home.png|200px]]{{br}}Android 2.2 Froyo home screen
|-
| 2.2.1
| January 18, 2011
|
* Bugfixes, security updates and performance improvements
|-
| 2.2.2
| January 22, 2011
|
*Minor bugfixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the [[Nexus One]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Hollister |first=Sean |title=Nexus One gets tiny update to Android 2.2.2, fixes SMS routing issues |url= http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/22/nexus-one-gets-tiny-update-to-android-2-2-2-probably-fixes-sms/ |accessdate=November 17, 2011 |publisher=Engadget |date=January 22, 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2.2.3
| November 21, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/build/+/refs/tags/android-2.2.3_r1 |publisher=Google |accessdate=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.2.3 source tag}}</ref>
|
* Two security patches
|}
{{anchor|Gingerbread}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#85a7d1; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 2.3–2.3.2 Gingerbread{{Anchor|Gingerbread}} (API level 9)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.<ref name="gingerbread-highlights"/><ref name="gingerbread-dev-blog">{{cite web |url= http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |publisher=Android Developers Blog |title=Android 2.3 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |accessdate=December 7, 2010 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |date=December 6, 2010 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20101227190245/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/android-23-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |archivedate=December 27, 2010 |deadurl=no}}</ref> Changes included:<ref name="gingerbread-highlights">{{cite web |date=December 6, 2010 |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |title=Android 2.3 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers Blog |accessdate=December 7, 2010 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20101210235053/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3-highlights.html |archivedate=December 10, 2010 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#85a7d1; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#85a7d1; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#85a7d1; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#85a7d1; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 2.3
| December 6, 2010<ref name=gingerbread-dev-blog />
|
* Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed
* Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions ([[WXGA (graphics)|WXGA]] and higher)<ref name="multiple-screens"/>
* Native support for [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]] [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] internet telephony
* Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode
* Enhanced [[cut, copy, and paste|copy/paste]] functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-hold, copy, and paste
* Support for [[Near Field Communication]] (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement
* New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost
* New [[Download Manager]], giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application
* Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available
* Support for [[WebM]]/VP8 video playback, and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio encoding
* Improved [[power management]] with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long
* Enhanced support for native code development
* Switched from [[YAFFS]] to [[ext4]] on newer devices<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |title=Android will be using ext4 starting with Gingerbread |publisher=Linux Foundation |first=Theodore |last=Ts'o |date=December 12, 2010 |accessdate=June 11, 2011 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110528064125/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2010/12/android-will-be-using-ext4-starting-gingerbread |archivedate=May 28, 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2010/12/saving-data-safely.html |title=Saving Data Safely |author=Tim Bray |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=December 19, 2010 |accessdate=June 11, 2011}}</ref>
* Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers
* Concurrent [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]] for increased performance
* Native support for more sensors (such as [[gyroscope]]s and [[barometer]]s)
| rowspan=3 |[[File:Android screenshot.png|180px]]{{br}}Android 2.3 on the Android SDK emulator
|-
| 2.3.1
| December 2010
| rowspan = 2 |
* Improvements and bugfixes for the Google Nexus S
|-
| 2.3.2
| January 2011
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#4f81bd; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 2.3.3–2.3.7 Gingerbread (API level 10)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|
|-
! style="background:#4f81bd; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#4f81bd; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#4f81bd; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#4f81bd; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 2.3.3
| February 9, 2011
|
* Several improvements and API fixes<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.3.3.html |title=Android 2.3.3 Platform |publisher=Android Developers|year=2011|accessdate=November 19, 2012}}</ref>
| rowspan=5 |
|-
| 2.3.4
| April 28, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/android-2.3.4_r1 |publisher=Google |accessdate=September 2, 2013 |title=Android 2.3.4 source tag}}</ref>
|
* Support for voice or video chat using [[Google Talk]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/04/video-chat-on-your-android-phone.html |title=Video Chat on Your Android Phone |date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=Google Mobile Blog|accessdate=April 18, 2013}}</ref>
* Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device<ref>{{cite web|title=Open Accessory Library 2.3.4|url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3.4.html|publisher=Android Developers|accessdate=August 3, 2012}}</ref>
* Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Sarkar | first = Abhijoy
| url = http://www.muktware.com/2013/10/java-weakened-androids-ssl-security-nsa-may-picture/15033
| title = Is it Java that weakened Android’s SSL security?
| publisher = Muktware
| date = October 14, 2013 | accessdate = November 2, 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://op-co.de/blog/posts/android_ssl_downgrade/
| title = Why Android SSL was downgraded from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5 in late 2010
| date = October 15, 2013 | accessdate = November 2, 2013
| publisher = op-co.de
}}</ref>
|-
| 2.3.5
| July 25, 2011
|
* Improved network performance for the [[Nexus S]] 4G, among other fixes and improvements
* Fixed Bluetooth bug on [[Samsung Galaxy S]]
* Improved Gmail application
* Shadow animations for list scrolling
* Camera software enhancements<ref>{{cite news |last=Arghire |first=Ionut |title=Android 2.3.5 Arrives on Galaxy S in the UK |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Android-2-3-5-Arrives-on-Galaxy-S-in-the-UK-235644.shtml |publisher=Softpedia.com |accessdate=December 1, 2011}}</ref>
* Improved battery efficiency
|-
| 2.3.6
| September 2, 2011<ref>{{cite web | url= http://pocketnow.com/android/nexus-s-ushers-in-android-236-but-does-it-fix-or-cause-bugs | title=Nexus S Ushers-In Android 2.3.6, But Does It Fix Or Cause Bugs?| publisher=pocketnow | date=September 2, 2011 | accessdate=August 4, 2014| author=Stephen Schenck}}</ref>
|
* Fixed a voice search bug
* The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-2-3-6-gingerbread-update-for-nexus-s-available-wi-fi-and-tethering-fix/ |title=Android 2.3.6 Gingerbread Update For Nexus S Available (Wi-Fi And Tethering Fix) |publisher=Addictive Tips |date=September 28, 2011 |accessdate=December 20, 2011 |author=Ali Waqas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://pocketnow.com/android/google-samsung-nexus-s-gets-android-236-update |title=Google Samsung Nexus S Gets Android 2.3.6 Update |publisher=PocketNow |date=September 27, 2011 |accessdate=December 20, 2011 |author=Anton D. Nagy}}</ref>
|-
| 2.3.7
| September 21, 2011
|
* [[Google Wallet]] support for the Nexus S 4G
|}
{{anchor|Honeycomb}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#e8c4a6; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API level 11)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first [[tablet computer|tablet]]-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.<ref name="honeycomb-highlights"/><ref name="honeycomb-sneak-peek">{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |title=A Sneak Peek of Android 3.0, Honeycomb |first=Andy |last=Rubin |publisher=Google Mobile Blog |date=January 5, 2011 |accessdate=January 5, 2011 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110108061358/http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2011/01/sneak-peak-of-android-30-honeycomb.html |archivedate=January 8, 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="3.0-release">{{cite web |url= http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |title=Final Android 3.0 Platform and Updated SDK Tools |author=Xavier Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |date=February 22, 2011 |accessdate=February 23, 2011 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110305143408/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/02/final-android-30-platform-and-updated.html |archivedate=March 5, 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.anandtech.com/show/4150/googles-android-event-analysis/2 |title=Google's Android Event Analysis |author=Mithun Chandrasekhar |publisher=AnandTech |date=February 2, 2011 |accessdate=February 5, 2011 |quote=I confirmed this with Google; Honeycomb, at least in the current form, will not be coming to non-tablet devices.}}</ref> The first device featuring this version, the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/26/motorola-atrix-4g-and-xoom-tablet-launching-at-the-end-of-februa/ |title=Motorola Atrix 4G and Xoom tablet launching at the end of February, Droid Bionic and LTE Xoom in Q2 |author=Nilay Patel |publisher=Engadget |date=January 26, 2011 |accessdate=February 5, 2011}}</ref> The update's features included:<ref name="honeycomb-highlights">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |title=Android 3.0 Platform Highlights |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=February 23, 2011 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110216200154/http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-3.0-highlights.html |archivedate=February 16, 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#e8c4a6; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#e8c4a6; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#e8c4a6; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#e8c4a6; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 3.0
| February 22, 2011<ref name="3.0-release"/>
|
* Optimized tablet support with a new “holographic” user interface
* Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen
* Added Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen
* Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another
* Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
* Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface
* Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new “incognito” mode allowing anonymous browsing
* Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features
* Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos
* New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts
* New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages
* Hardware acceleration
* Support for [[multi-core processor]]s
* Ability to encrypt all user data
* HTTPS stack improved with [[Server Name Indication]] (SNI)
* [[Filesystem in Userspace]] (FUSE; kernel module)
* Applications' write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) is disabled outside of designated, app-specific directories, while full access to internal primary storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat">{{cite web|last=Ho|first=Joshua|title=Examining MicroSD changes in Android 4.4|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7859/examining-microsd-changes-in-android-44|work=Anandtech|accessdate=March 28, 2014}}</ref><ref name="androidpolice-sdcards">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/02/17/external-blues-google-has-brought-big-changes-to-sd-cards-in-kitkat-and-even-samsung-may-be-implementing-them/ |title=External Blues: Google Has Brought Big Changes To SD Cards In KitKat, And Even Samsung Is Implementing Them |date=February 17, 2014 |accessdate=February 20, 2014 |publisher=Android Police}}</ref>
| [[File:Android3.0.png|300px]]{{br}}Android 3.0 on the [[Motorola Xoom]] tablet
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#daa070; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API level 12)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|
|-
! style="background:#daa070; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#daa070; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#daa070; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#daa070; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 3.1
| May 10, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |title=Android 3.1 Platform, New SDK tools |date=May 10, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |accessdate=May 10, 2011 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110511072447/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/05/android-31-platform-new-sdk-tools.html |archivedate=May 11, 2011 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
|
* UI refinements
* Connectivity for USB accessories ([[USB On-The-Go]]).
* Expanded Recent Applications list
* Resizable Home screen widgets
* Support for external keyboards and pointing devices
* Support for joysticks and gamepads
* Support for [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]] audio playback<ref name="Android-Media-Formats">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html |title=Android Supported Media Formats |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=March 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=1461
|title=Issue 1461 – Android – FLAC file support enhancement request. |publisher=Code.google.com |accessdate=August 5, 2011}}</ref>
* High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when device screen is off
* Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point
|
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#cc7b38; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API level 13)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|Most first- and second-generation [[Google TV]]-enabled devices utilize Honeycomb 3.2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gigaom.com/2012/02/02/google-tv-honeycomb-32/|title=Google TV goes Android 3.2, next up Ice Cream Sandwich|publisher=GigaOM|date=February 2, 2012|accessdate=February 6, 2013}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#cc7b38; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#cc7b38; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#cc7b38; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#cc7b38; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 3.2
| July 15, 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/android-32-platform-and-updated-sdk.html |title=Android 3.2 Platform and Updated SDK tools |date=July 15, 2011 |first=Xavier |last=Ducrohet |publisher=Android Developers Blog |accessdate=July 16, 2011}}</ref>
|
* Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets
* Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization
* Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions
* New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices<ref>{{cite web |title=Supporting Multiple Screens: Declaring Tablet Layouts for Android 3.2 |publisher=Android Developers |year=2012 |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/screens_support.html#DeclaringTabletLayouts |accessdate=February 18, 2013}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" |
|-
| 3.2.1
| September 20, 2011
|
* Bugfixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements
* Update to [[Android Market]] with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text
* Update to [[Google Books]]
* Improved [[Adobe Flash]] support in browser
* Improved [[Chinese language|Chinese]] handwriting prediction
|-
| 3.2.2
| August 30, 2011
|
* Bugfixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G
|-
| 3.2.3
|
|
* Bugfixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G
|-
| 3.2.4
| December 2011
|
* {{clarify span|text="Pay as You Go" support|explain="Pay as You Go" usually refers to a prepaid cellular plan, right? Well, what would "Pay as You Go" support mean for a tablet user, and why would Android need to include special support for such a thing?|date=May 2015}} for 3G and 4G tablets
|-
| 3.2.5
| January 2012
|
* Bugfixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom and Motorola Xoom 4G
|-
| 3.2.6
| February 2012
|
* Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom
|}
{{anchor|Ice-Cream-Sandwich}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#c56f6d; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|[[Android 4.0|Android 4.0–4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich]] (API level 14)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,<ref>{{cite web |last=Maroger |title=Ice Cream Sandwich Runs on Linux Kernel 3.0.1 |url= http://fineoils.blogspot.com/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html#!/2011/10/ice-cream-sandwich-runs-on-linux-kernel.html |publisher=Blogspot – Fine Oils |accessdate=October 19, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref> was publicly released on October 19, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialbarrel.com/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-sdk-now-available/24093/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich SDK Now Available |publisher=Social Barrel |first=Francis |last=Rey |date=October 19, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref> Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/google-confirms-nexus-s-will-get-ice-cream-sandwich-for-real/ |title=Google confirms Nexus S will get Ice Cream Sandwich – for real this time (Gingerbread devices, too) |publisher=Engadget |first=Tim |last=Stevens |date=October 19, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref> The [[source code]] for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidguys.com/2011/11/15/ice-cream-sandwich-source-code-released-custom-roms-inevitable/ |title=Ice Cream Sandwich source code released, custom ROMs inevitable |publisher=AndroidGuys |first=Vincent |last=Messina |date=November 15, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref> Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support [[Adobe Systems]]' [[Flash player#Mobile platforms|Flash player]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webpronews.com/today-is-the-last-day-to-get-flash-for-android-2012-08 |title=Today Is The Last Day To Get Flash For Android |publisher=WebProNews |date=August 14, 2012 |accessdate=February 7, 2013}}</ref> The update introduced numerous new features:<ref name="ics-release">{{cite web |url= http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/18/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-now-official/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich now official, includes revamped design, enhancements galore |publisher=Engadget |first=Brad |last=Molen |date=October 19, 2011 |accessdate=October 19, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-19736_7-20122331-251/ice-cream-sandwich-adds-tons-of-new-features/?tag=mncol;txt |title=Ice Cream Sandwich adds tons of new features |publisher=CNET |first=Kent |last=German |date=October 18, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/18/a-quick-ice-cream-sandwich-feature-rundown/ |title=A Quick Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich Feature Rundown |publisher=Tech Crunch |first=Chris |last=Velazco |date=October 18, 2011 |accessdate=July 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#c56f6d; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#c56f6d; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#c56f6d; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#c56f6d; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 4.0
| October 18, 2011<ref name="ics-release"/>
|
* Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with new [[Roboto]] font family
* Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones
* Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications
* Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style
* Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages
* Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the calendar
* Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons)
* Improved error correction on the keyboard
* Ability to access applications directly from [[lock screen]]
* Improved copy and paste functionality
* Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech to text dictation
* Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software
* Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks
* Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded
* Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howtogeek.com/169549/what-exactly-happens-when-you-swipe-an-android-app-from-the-recent-apps-list/|title=What Exactly Happens When You Swipe An Android App From the Recent Apps List?|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Jason|publisher=How-To Geek|accessdate=September 19, 2014}}</ref>
* Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording
* Built-in photo editor
* New gallery layout, organized by ___location and person
* Refreshed "People" application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images
* Android Beam, a [[near-field communication]] feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data
* Support for the [[WebP]] image format<ref name="Android-Media-Formats" />
* Hardware acceleration of the UI<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phandroid.com/2011/10/19/android-4-0-ice-cream-sandwich-has-hardware-acceleration/ |title=Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich has Hardware Acceleration |publisher=Phandroid |first=Quentyn |last=Kennemer |date=October 19, 2011 |accessdate=October 19, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Wi-Fi Direct]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/connectivity/wifip2p.html|title=Wi-Fi Direct|publisher=Android Developers|accessdate=July 27, 2013}}</ref>
* [[1080p]] video recording for stock Android devices
* Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required rooted Android.
| rowspan=3 |[[File:Android 4.0.png|180px]]{{br}}Android 4.0 on the Samsung [[Galaxy Nexus]]
|-
| 4.0.1
| October 21, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
|-
| 4.0.2
| November 28, 2011
|
* Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011
* For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the [[Near Field Communication|NFC]] capabilities of the Nexus phone.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.droid-life.com/2011/11/28/verizons-4g-lte-galaxy-nexus-still-in-testing-receives-android-4-0-2-update/ |title=Verizon’s 4G LTE Galaxy Nexus Gets Pictured, Receives Android 4.0.2 Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=November 28, 2011 |accessdate=December 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.droid-life.com/2011/12/15/within-2-hours-of-activation-your-galaxy-nexus-will-receive-an-update-here-are-the-details/ |title=Within 2 Hours of Activation, Your Galaxy Nexus Will Receive an Update |publisher=DroidLife |date=December 15, 2011 |accessdate=December 15, 2011}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#9e413e; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|[[Android 4.0|Android 4.0.3–4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich]] (API level 15)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|
|-
! style="background:#9e413e; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#9e413e; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#9e413e; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#9e413e; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 4.0.3
| December 16, 2011<ref name=ICS16Dec2011>[http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/12/android-403-platform-and-updated-sdk.html "Android 4.0.3 Platform and Updated SDK tools"]. Android Developers Blog. December 16, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2012.</ref>
|
* Numerous bugfixes and optimizations
* Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality
* New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider
* Calendar provider enhancements
* New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and [[Quarter Video Graphics Array|QVGA]] resolution
* Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.engadget.com/2011/12/16/android-4-0-3-announced-brings-variety-of-optimizations-and-bu/ |title=Android 4.0.3 announced, bringing 'variety of optimizations and bug fixes' to phones and tablets |publisher=Engadget |date=December 16, 2011 |accessdate=December 17, 2011}}</ref>
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| 4.0.4
| March 29, 2012<ref name=InqMar2012>[http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2164732/google-announces-android-404-gsm-nexus-galaxy-nexus-phones "Google announces Android 4.0.4"]. ''[[The Inquirer]]''. March 29, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</ref>
|
* Stability improvements
* Better camera performance
* Smoother screen rotation
* Improved phone number recognition<ref name=ICS29mar2012>[https://plus.google.com/u/0/104629412415657030658/posts/NgGwavbmkQ7 Google announces 4.0.4 on Google+]. March 28, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2012.</ref>
|}
{{anchor|Jelly-Bean|PROJECT-BUTTER}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#11ef9a; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|[[Android Jelly Bean|Android 4.1 Jelly Bean]] (API level 16)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the [[Google I/O]] conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved "Project Butter", which uses touch anticipation, [[Multiple buffering|triple buffering]], extended [[vsync]] timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 [[frames per second|fps]] to create a fluid and "buttery-smooth" UI.<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /> Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the [[AOSP#Android Open Source Project|Android Open Source Project]] on July 9, 2012,<ref>{{cite web|last=Queru|first=Jean-Baptiste|title=Android 4.1 in AOSP|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-building/XBYeD-bhk1o|accessdate=July 12, 2012}}</ref> and the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)|Nexus 7]] tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.
|-
! style="background:#11ef9a; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#11ef9a; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#11ef9a; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#11ef9a; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 4.1
| July 9, 2012
|
* Smoother user interface:
** Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh
** Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline
* Enhanced [[accessibility]]
* Bi-directional text and other language support
* User-installable keyboard maps
* Expandable notifications
* Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis
* Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens
* Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam
* Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.<ref name=android41-differentlayouts>{{cite news |title=Confirmed: Android 4.1 uses different layouts for different tablet sizes |url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/mobile-and-wireless/20653/android-41-tablet-layout |publisher=ComputerWorld |accessdate=July 8, 2012}}</ref>
* Improved camera application
* Multichannel audio<ref name="Android-4.1-devs">{{cite web |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html#media |title=Android 4.1 for Developers |publisher=Android Developers |accessdate=February 9, 2013}}</ref>
* The [[Fraunhofer FDK AAC]] codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding.
*USB audio (for external sound [[Digital-to-analog converter|DACs]])<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" />
* Audio chaining (also known as [[gapless playback]])<ref name="Android-4.1-devs" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=3461
|title=Issue 3461: Implement Gapless Playback of consecutive audio files |publisher=code.google.com |accessdate=November 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pocketables.com/2012/06/android-4-1-finally-adds-gapless-music-playback-to-stock-music-apps.html
|title=Android 4.1 finally adds gapless music playback to stock music apps |publisher=Pocketables.com |date=June 29, 2012 |accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref>
*Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access
| rowspan=3 |[[File:Android 4.1 on the Galaxy Nexus.jpeg|180px]] <br/>Android 4.1 on the Samsung [[Galaxy Nexus]]
|- valign="top"
| 4.1.1
| July 11, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.gsmarena.com/nexus-7-gets-android-4-1-1-update-adds-support-for-google-wallet/ |title=Android 4.1.1 Nexus 7 Update|publisher=GSMArena.com|date=July 11, 2012|accessdate=February 26, 2013}}</ref>
|
*Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in any application
|-
| 4.1.2
| October 9, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.1.2">[http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/9/3479662/android-4-1-2-coming-to-nexus-7 "Android 4.1.2 rolling out for Nexus 7"]. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2012.</ref>
|
* Lock/home screen rotation support for the Nexus 7<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gigaom.com/mobile/android-4-1-2-brings-home-screen-rotation-to-devices/ |title=Android 4.1.2 brings homescreen rotation to devices |publisher=GigaOM |date=October 9, 2012 |accessdate=October 9, 2012}}</ref>
* One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/09/new-in-android-4-1-2-expandingcollapsing-notifications-with-one-finger-video/ |title=New Feature In Android 4.1.2: Expanding/Collapsing Notifications With One Finger (Video) |publisher=Android Police |date=October 9, 2012 |accessdate=October 9, 2012}}</ref>
* Bugfixes and performance enhancements
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#0dc57f; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|[[Android Jelly Bean|Android 4.2 Jelly Bean]] (API level 17)|depth=2}}{{anchor|Jelly-Bean-42}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in [[New York City]] on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidcentral.com/monday-s-google-event-nyc-cancelled-due-hurricane-sandy |title=Monday's Google event in NYC canceled due to Hurricane Sandy|publisher=Android Central |date=October 27, 2012|accessdate=February 19, 2014}}</ref> Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan "A new flavor of Jelly Bean". Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google's [[Nexus 4]] and [[Nexus 10]], which were released on November 13, 2012.<ref name=New4.2And>{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourmobile.com/blog/1678521/android_42_jelly_bean_lands_on_nexus_7.html |title=Android 4.2 Jelly Bean lands on Nexus 7 |publisher=Know Your Mobile |date=November 14, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/google-releases-nexus-4-nexus-10-and-android-42 |title=Google Releases Nexus 4, Nexus 10 and Android 4.2 |publisher=IGN |date=November 13, 2012 |accessdate=November 16, 2012}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#0dc57f; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#0dc57f; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#0dc57f; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#0dc57f; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 4.2
| November 13, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2">[http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/29/3569244/android-4-2-new-features-miracast-gesture-keyboard-multiple-users-photo-sphere "Android 4.2 adds gestue typing, wireless TV display, multiple user support on tablets, and more"]. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. October 29, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.</ref>
|
* [[Lock screen]] improvements, including widget support and the ability to swipe directly to camera<ref>[http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-4-2-jelly-bean-brings-all-new-photography-powers-1108294 "Android 4.2 Jelly Bean brings all-new photography powers"]. TechRadar.com. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Notification power controls ("Quick Settings")
* "Daydream" [[screensaver]]s, showing information when idle or docked
* Multiple user accounts (tablets only)
* Rewritten [[Bluetooth stack]], switching from [[Bluez]] to [[Broadcom]] open source [[BlueDroid]],<ref name="anand1">{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6965/the-next-version-of-android-some-of-whats-coming|title=AnandTech - The Next Version of Android - Some of What's Coming|author=Brian Klug|publisher=|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref> allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display ([[Miracast]])
* Native [[right-to-left]], always-on [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] and application verification.<ref name=aosp-jb1>{{cite web|title=Jelly Bean|url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/jelly-bean.html|website=Android developer portal|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref> A new [[Near field communication|NFC]] stack was added at the same time.<ref name="anand1" />
* Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users
* New clock application with built-in world clock, stop watch and timer
* All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size
* Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly
* [[SELinux]]
* Premium [[SMS]] confirmation<ref name="Android Police 4.2 Alpha Teardown">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/10/17/exclusive-android-4-2-alpha-teardown-part-2-selinux-vpn-lockdown-and-premium-sms-confirmation/ "Exclusive Android 4.2 Alpha Teardown, Part 2: SELinux, VPN Lockdown, And Premium SMS Confirmation"]. Android Police. October 17, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2012.</ref>
* Group Messaging
| rowspan=3 |[[File:Android 4.2 on the Nexus 4.png|180px]]{{br}}Android 4.2 on the [[Nexus 4]]
|-
| 4.2.1
| November 27, 2012<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/27/changelog-whats-new-in-android-4-2-1-jop40d/ "(Changelog) What's New In Android 4.2.1 (JOP40D)"]. Android Police. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
|
* Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact<ref name="December bug">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2012/11/17/sorry-santa-google-cancels-december-in-android-4-2/ "Sorry, Santa – Google Cancels December In Android 4.2"]. Android Police. November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.</ref>
* Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported [[Human interface device|HID]] (Human interface device)
|-
| 4.2.2
| February 11, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.2.2">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/02/11/breaking-android-4-2-2-build-jdq39-update-rolling-out-to-gsm-galaxy-nexus-nexus-7-nexus-10/ "Breaking: Android 4.2.2 (Build JDQ39) Update Rolling Out To GSM Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 7, Nexus 10"]. Android Police. February 11, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref>
|
* Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs<ref>{{cite news |url= http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/02/android-4-2-2-brings-bluetooth-audio-fixes-to-nexus-phones-and-tablets/ |title=Android 4.2.2 brings Bluetooth audio fixes to Nexus phones and tablets |publisher=Ars Technica |date=February 12, 2013 |accessdate=February 12, 2013}}</ref>
* Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state
* New download notifications, which now shows the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads
* New sounds for wireless charging and low battery
* New Gallery application animation allows faster loading
* USB debug whitelist
* Bugfixes and performance enhancements
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#0A8F5C; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|[[Android Jelly Bean|Android 4.3 Jelly Bean]] (API level 18)|depth=2}}{{anchor|Jelly-Bean-43}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan="4" |Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan "An even sweeter Jelly Bean" on July 24, 2013, during an event in [[San Francisco]] called "Breakfast with [[Sundar Pichai]]". Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the [[Nexus 7 (2nd generation)|second-generation Nexus 7]] tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.<ref name=TomsJuly2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/Android-4.3-Update-Roll-out-Release-Nexus,23671.html |title=Google Announces Android 4.3, Update Rolling Out Today |publisher=Tom's Hardware |date=July 24, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2013}}</ref> A minor bugfix update was released on August 22, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/08/22/aosp-latest-4-3-fixes/ |title=Android Open Source Project now has latest 4.3 fixes for most Nexus hardware |publisher=[[Engadget]] |date=August 22, 2013 |accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#0A8F5C; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#0A8F5C; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#0A8F5C; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#0A8F5C; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 4.3
| July 24, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3">[http://www.theverge.com/2013/7/24/4550234/android-4-3-announcement "Android 4.3 announced, rolling out to Nexus devices today"]. ''[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]''. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</ref>
|
* [[Bluetooth low energy]] support<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3">[http://officialandroid.blogspot.com/2013/07/introducing-android-43-sweeter-jelly.html "Introducing Android 4.3, a sweeter Jelly Bean"]. Official Android Blog. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[AVRCP|Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3]] support
* [[OpenGL ES#OpenGL ES 3.0|OpenGL ES 3.0]] support, allowing for improved game graphics<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Restricted access mode for new user profiles<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Filesystem write performance improvement by running [[Trim (computing)|fstrim]] command while device is idle<ref name="EngdtTRIM">[http://www.engadget.com/2013/07/30/android-4-3-supports-trim-improves-performance-on-nexus-devices/ "Android 4.3 supports TRIM, improves performance on Nexus devices"]. Engadget. July 30, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately
* Improvements to Photo Sphere<ref name="APPhotosphere">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/another-android-4-3-change-photo-spheres-look-a-lot-better-now/ "Another Android 4.3 Change: Photo Spheres Look A Lot Better Now"]. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013.</ref>
* Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones<ref name="4.3Camera">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/05/24/android-4-3-and-updated-camera-ui-spotted-on-a-nexus-4-at-thailand-mobile-expo/ "Android 4.3 And Updated Camera UI Spotted On A Nexus 4 At Thailand Mobile Expo"]. Android Police. May 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Addition of "[[App Ops]]", a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default)<ref name="AppOps">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/25/app-ops-android-4-3s-hidden-app-permission-manager-control-permissions-for-individual-apps/ "App Ops: Android 4.3's Hidden App Permission Manager, Control Permissions For Individual Apps!"]. Android Police. July 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* [[4K resolution]] support<ref name="Engdt4K">[http://www.engadget.com/2013/07/26/android-4-3-source-reveals-support-for-4k-resolution/ "Android 4.3 source code reveals support for 4K resolution"]. Engadget. July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013.</ref>
* Many security enhancements, performance enhancements, and bugfixes<ref name="AP4.3">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/07/24/a-n-in-depth-look-at-the-big-and-small-additions-to-android-jelly-bean-4-3/ "An In-Depth Look At The Big (And Small) Additions To Android Jelly Bean 4.3"]. Android Police. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013.</ref>
* System-level support for [[geo-fence|geofencing]] and Wi-Fi scanning APIs
** Background Wi-Fi ___location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off
* Developer logging and analyzing enhancements
* Added support for five more languages
* Changed<!--Said previously POV "Improved"; supporting old API? Then in a sense backward compatible, but not really if intended to use newer more advanced?--> [[digital rights management]] (DRM) APIs
* [[Right-to-left]] (RTL) languages now supported<ref name="OfficialAndroidBlog4.3" />
* Clock in the status bar disappears if clock is selected as lockscreen widget
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Android 4.3 on Nexus 7 (2013).jpg|180px]]{{br}}Android 4.3 on the [[Nexus 7 (2013 version)]]
|-
| 4.3.1
| October 3, 2013<ref name="Jelly Bean 4.3.1">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/03/suddenly-a-wild-android-4-3-1-appears-lte-nexus-7-receiving-android-4-3-1-ota-jls36i/ "Suddenly, A Wild Android 4.3.1 Appears – LTE Nexus 7 Receiving Android 4.3.1 OTA (JLS36I)"]. Android Police. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.</ref>
|
* Bugfixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE<ref name="4.3.1changelog">[http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/08/factory-image-and-binaries-are-now-available-for-the-nexus-7-lte-android-4-3-1-update-jls36i/ "Factory Image And Binaries Are Now Available For The Nexus 7 LTE Android 4.3.1 Update (JLS36I)"]. Android Police. October 8, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</ref>
|}
{{anchor|KitKat|PROJECT-SVELTE}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#ED5050; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 4.4 KitKat (API level 19)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan="4" |Google announced Android 4.4 [[Kit Kat|KitKat]] on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a [[key lime pie]]."<ref name=KitkatBBC>{{cite news |last=Kelion |first=Leo |title=Android KitKat announced |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-23926938 |accessdate=September 3, 2013 |publisher=BBC News |date=September 3, 2013}}</ref> Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=TechRadar |url= http://www.techradar.com/us/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/android-5-0-key-lime-pie-release-date-news-and-rumours-1091500 |title=Android 5.0 Key Lime Pie release date, news and rumors |date=July 2, 2013 |accessdate=July 22, 2013}}</ref> KitKat debuted on Google's [[Nexus 5]] on October 31, 2013, and was optimised to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google.<ref name="Nexus 5 review">{{cite news |last=Molen |first=Brad |title=Engadget review the Nexus 5 |url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/11/05/nexus-5-review/ |publisher=Engadget |date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 11, 2013}}</ref> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.<ref name="cdd-4.4">{{cite book |title=Android Compatibility Definition Document |publisher=Google |publication-date=November 27, 2013 |edition=4.4 |format=PDF |page=33 |section=7.6.1 |url=http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en/us/compatibility/android-cdd.pdf }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#ED5050; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#ED5050; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#ED5050; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#ED5050; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 4.4
| October 31, 2013<ref name="Android 4.4 KitKat">[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/android-for-all-and-new-nexus-5.html "Android for all and the new Nexus 5 "]. Google Official Blog. October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2013.</ref><ref name=androiddev-44>{{cite web |title=Android KitKat |url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Portal |accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref>
|
* Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue
* Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
* Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars<ref name=verge-n5handson>{{cite news |title=Google's Nexus 5 with KitKat available today, starting at $349: hands-on impressions |url= http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/31/5049068/googles-nexus-5-with-android-kit-kat-available-today-starting-349 |work=The Verge |author=Bonn, Dieter|date=October 31, 2013|accessdate=November 1, 2013}}</ref>
* Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-apps-can-now-go-truly-full-screen-hide-the-navigation-bar/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Apps Can Now Go Truly Full-Screen, Hide The Navigation Bar |date=October 31, 2013|accessdate=November 3, 2013 |author=David Ruddock |publisher=androidpolice.com}}</ref>
* Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.<ref name=phonearena-overflowgone>{{cite web|title=Android menu button now on by default on all device with KitKat|url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-menu-button-now-on-by-default-on-all-device-with-KitKat_id50179|publisher=PhoneArena.com|date=December 9, 2013|accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref>
* Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for their own directories
* Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including [[zram|zRAM]] support and "low RAM" device API<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Wireless printing capability<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* NFC [[host card emulation]], enabling a device to replace [[smart card]]s<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* WebViews now based on [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] engine (feature parity with [[Google Chrome for Android|Chrome for Android]] 30)
* Expanded functionality for notification listener services<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Public API for developing and managing [[Short Message Service|text messaging]] clients<ref name=adb-kitkatsms>{{cite web |title=Getting Your SMS Apps Ready for KitKat |url=http://android-developers.blogspot.co.uk/2013/10/getting-your-sms-apps-ready-for-kitkat.html |work=Android Developers Blog |accessdate=October 14, 2013}}</ref>
* Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).<ref name="anandtech-sdkitkat"/>
* New framework for UI transitions
* Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/>
* Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and home (launcher) application
* Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Android-4.4-brings-support-for-low-power-audio-playback_id48948|title=Android 4.4 brings support for low-power audio playback|publisher=PhoneArena.com|date=October 31, 2013|accessdate=February 25, 2014}}</ref>
* Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of [[Android Debug Bridge|ADB]] is required)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://howto.cnet.com/8301-11310_39-57610905-285/how-to-record-your-screen-on-android-4.4-kitkat/
| title = How to record your screen on Android 4.4 KitKat
| date = November 5, 2013 | accessdate = January 4, 2014
| author = Jason Cipriani | publisher = CBS Interactive | work=CNET
}}</ref>
* Native [[infrared blaster]] API
* Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level [[closed captioning]] settings
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) introduced as a new experimental application [[runtime environment]], not enabled by default, as a replacement for the [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] virtual machine<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/index.html
| title = Android Developers: ART and Dalvik
| date = {{date|2015-03-09|mdy}} | accessdate = {{date|2015-03-19|mdy}}
| website = source.android.com
}}</ref>
* [[Message Access Profile|Bluetooth Message Access Profile]] (MAP) support<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/10/31/kitkat-feature-spotlight-android-finally-supports-bluetooth-map-will-make-bluetooth-integration-with-your-car-suck-a-lot-less/ |title=KitKat Feature Spotlight: Android Finally Supports Bluetooth MAP, Will Make Bluetooth Integration With Your Car Suck A Lot Less |date=October 31, 2013|accessdate=November 2, 2013 |publisher=Android Police}}</ref>
* Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications<ref>{{cite web|url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61975|title=Android Issue 61975: Undo removal of access to BATTERY_STATS permission for apps|publisher=Code.google.com|date=November 2013|accessdate=January 29, 2014}}</ref>
* Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens
* Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings<ref>{{cite web|url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=61834|title=Android Issue 61834: 4.4 KitKat reception/Wifi indicators no longer show data rx/tx during operation|publisher=Code.google.com|date=November 2013|accessdate=February 20, 2014}}</ref>
* Browser text wrap is disabled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=62378|title=Android Issue 62378: KitKat WebView text wrap no longer works|publisher=|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
| rowspan=5 |[[File:Android 4.4.2.png|200px]]{{br}}Android 4.4.2 ([[OmniROM]], [[AOSP]]-based)
|-
| 4.4.1
| December 5, 2013<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://plus.google.com/+Nexus/posts/YW8sTPpVN8W
| title = Android 4.4.1 Released to Nexus 5
| date = December 5, 2013 | accessdate = December 5, 2013
| author = Official Nexus Google+ page | publisher = Google Plus
}}</ref>
|
* Improvements to auto focus, white balance and HDR+ for the Nexus 5 camera<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/12/05/android-update-focuses-on-improving-nexus-5-camera/ |title=Android update focuses on Nexus 5 camera improvements |date=December 5, 2013 |accessdate=December 5, 2013 |author=Christopher Trout |publisher=Engadget}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/12/5/5175568/fixing-the-nexus-5-android-4-4-1-improves-camera |title=Fixing the Nexus 5: with a new version of Android, Google tackles the camera |date=December 5, 2013 |accessdate=December 6, 2013 |author=David Pierce |work=The Verge}}</ref>
* Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART)
* Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view
* Miscellaneous improvements and bugfixes
|-
| 4.4.2
| December 9, 2013<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2013/12/09/android-4-4-2-kot49h-is-already-rolling-out-to-nexus-devices-here-are-the-ota-zip-links-for-manual-updating/ |title=Android 4.4.2 (KOT49H) Is Already Rolling Out To All Nexus Devices – Here Are The OTA ZIP Links For Manual Updating |date=December 9, 2013 |accessdate=December 9, 2013 |author=Artem Russakovskii |publisher=Android Police}}</ref>
|
* Further security enhancements and bugfixes
* Removal of the "[[App Ops]]" application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/12/google-removes-vital-privacy-features-android-shortly-after-adding-them |title=Google Removes Vital Privacy Feature From Android, Claiming Its Release Was Accidental |date=December 12, 2013 |accessdate=December 14, 2013 |author=Peter Eckersley |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation}}</ref>
|-
| 4.4.3
| June 2, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url= http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/google-releases-android-4-4-3-to-nexus-devices/ |title=Google releases Android 4.4.3 to Nexus devices |date=June 2, 2014 |accessdate=June 2, 2014 |author=Ron Amadeo |publisher=Ars Technica}}</ref>
|
* Refreshed Dialer app interface<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/02/fresh-new-dialer-arrives-in-android-4-4-3/ |title=Fresh New Dialer Arrives in Android 4.4.3 |date=June 2, 2014 |accessdate=June 2, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life}}</ref>
* Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, HTML5 datalist)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://plus.google.com/+AndroidDevelopers/posts/EfKRBGm19dT |title=Android 4.4.3 aka KitKat MR2 is rolling out - Google+|date=June 3, 2014 |accessdate=June 4, 2014 |author=Android Developers |publisher=Android Developers (Google+)}}</ref>
* Miscellaneous improvements and bugfixes
|-
| 4.4.4
| June 19, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.droid-life.com/2014/06/19/whoa-android-4-4-4-factory-images-posted-as-build-kut84p/ |title=Whoa: Android 4.4.4 Factory Images Posted as Build KTU84P |date=June 19, 2014 |accessdate=June 19, 2014 |author=Kellex |publisher=Droid Life}}</ref>
|
* [[CVE-2014-0224]] fixed, eliminating an [[OpenSSL]] [[man-in-the-middle]] vulnerability<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/06/19/google-rolling-out-android-4-4-4-update-ktu84p-with-a-security-fix-factory-imagesbinaries-up-for-nexus-devices/ |title=Google Rolling Out Android 4.4.4 Update (KTU84P) With A Security Fix, Factory Images/Binaries Up For Nexus Devices |date=June 19, 2014 | accessdate=June 25, 2014 |author=Ryan Whitwam |publisher=androidpolice.com}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#ED5050; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| {{TOC tab|Android 4.4 KitKat with wearable extensions (API level 20)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan=4|
|-
! style="background:#ED5050; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#ED5050; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#ED5050; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#ED5050; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|-
| 4.4W<ref name="Wear source code">{{cite web|last1=Rob|first1=Triggs|title=Google uploads part of the Android Wear source code to AOSP|url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-source-code-aosp-408276/|publisher=Android Authority|accessdate=July 22, 2014}}</ref>
| June 25, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/android-wear-io-official-397096/ |title=Android Wear platform fully unveiled at I/O 2014 |author=Andrew Grush |publisher=Android Authority |date=September 6, 2014 |accessdate=January 25, 2015}}</ref>
|
* Initial release of Android Wear platform for [[smartwatch]]es: the same as Android 4.4 "KitKat", but with wearable extensions added
| rowspan="3" | <!-- image placeholder -->
|-
| 4.4W.1
| September 6, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/09/09/samsung-gear-live-updated-to-android-wear-4-4-w-1-build-kgw42n-heres-whats-new/ |title=Samsung Gear Live Updated To Android Wear 4.4W.1 Build KGW42N: Here's What's New |date=September 6, 2014 |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |author=Michael Crider |publisher=Android Police}}</ref>
|
* UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms
|-
| 4.4W.2
| October 21, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/10/21/android-wear-4-4w-2-build-knx01q-starts-rolling-lg-g-watch-brings-offline-music-gps-support-though-cant-use-latter/ |title=Android Wear 4.4W.2 Build KNX01Q Starts Rolling Out For The LG G Watch, Brings Offline Music And GPS Support (Though You Can't Use The Latter) |date=October 21, 2014 |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |author=Rita El Khoury |publisher=Android Police}}</ref>
|
* Offline music playback
* GPS support
|}
{{anchor|Lollipop}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#1FAEDE; text-align:center;" colspan="4" | {{TOC tab|[[Android Lollipop|Android 5.0–5.0.2 Lollipop]] (API level 21)}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan="4" |Android 5.0 "Lollipop" was unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25, 2014, during [[Google I/O]]. It became available as official [[Over-the-air programming|over-the-air]] (OTA) updates on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including [[Google Nexus|Nexus]] and [[Google Play edition]] devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.<ref name=PCWorldJun2014>{{cite web|title=From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2367746/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-the-announcements-from-google-i/from-android-l-to-google-fit-all-t.html|publisher=PC World|date=June 25, 2014|accessdate=June 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days|url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Updated-Android-Lollipop-Developer-Preview-image-coming-to-Nexus-devices-in-a-couple-of-days_id61780|publisher=PhoneArena.com|date=October 15, 2014|accessdate=October 16, 2014}}</ref>
Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive [[design language]] referred to as "[[material design]]". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the [[Android Runtime]] (ART) officially replacing [[Dalvik virtual machine|Dalvik]] for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as [[Project Volta]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/25/googles-new-design-language-is-called-material-design/|website=Engadget|date=June 25, 2014|accessdate=June 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=We just played with Android's L Developer Preview|url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/06/26/android-developer-preview-hands-on/|website=Engadget|publisher=AOL|accessdate=June 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8207/google-reveals-details-about-android-l-at-google-io|website=Anandtech|accessdate=June 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L |url = http://anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/ |date = July 1, 2014 |accessdate = July 5, 2014 |author = Andrei Frumusanu |work=AnandTech }}</ref>
|-
! style="background:#1FAEDE; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#1FAEDE; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#1FAEDE; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#1FAEDE; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|- valign="top"
| 5.0<ref name = "Api level 21-22">{{cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.0.html|title=Android 5.0 APIs|publisher=Android.com|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
| November 12, 2014<ref name="lollipop-blog">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2014/10/android-be-together-not-same.html |title=Android: Be together. Not the same. |publisher=Official Google Blog |date=October 15, 2014 |accessdate=October 17, 2014}}</ref>
|
* [[Android Runtime]] (ART) with [[Ahead-of-time compilation|ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation]] and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing [[Dalvik (software)|Dalvik]] that combines bytecode [[Interpreter (computing)|interpretation]] with [[Tracing just-in-time compilation|trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation]]<ref name="Api level 21-22" /><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.android-app-developer.co.uk/android-app-development-docs/android-jit-compiler-androids-dalvik-vm.pdf
| title = A JIT Compiler for Android's Dalvik VM
| date = May 2010 | accessdate = {{date|2015-03-19|mdy}}
| author1 = Ben Cheng | author2 = Bill Buzbee
| publisher = [[Google]] | website = android-app-developer.co.uk
| format = PDF | pages = 5–14
}}</ref>
* Support for [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] CPUs
* [[OpenGL ES]] 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations
* Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application
* [[Vector graphics|Vector drawables]], which scale without losing definition
* Support for print previews
* [[Material design]], bringing a restyled user interface
* Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets<ref>[http://www.pocketables.com/2014/06/exploring-android-l-lockscreen-widgets-also-bite-dust.html "Exploring Android L: Lockscreen widgets also bite the dust"]. Pocketables.com. June 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.</ref>
* Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down
* [[Project Volta]], for battery life improvements
* Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings
* Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings<ref name=IndiaTimes>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/slideshow/android-5-0-lollipop-16-new-features/itslideshowviewall/45298613.cms |title=Android 5.0 Lollipop's new features |date=November 27, 2014 |accessdate=December 23, 2014 |work=India Times}}</ref>
* Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.androidcentral.com/lollipop-brings-proper-multi-user-accounts-your-phone|title=Lollipop brings proper multi-user accounts to your phone|publisher=Android Central|accessdate=January 25, 2015}}</ref>
* Audio input and output through USB devices
* Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on [[SD card]]s.<ref name="android-police01">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/04/android-5-0-makes-sd-cards-great-again-extends-api-to-allow-full-directory-access-automatic-mediastore-and-improves-security/ |title=Android 5.0 Makes SD Cards Great Again, Extends API To Allow Full Directory Access, Automatic MediaStore, And Improves Security |publisher=Android Police |date=November 4, 2014 |accessdate=November 29, 2014}}</ref><ref name="android-police02">{{cite web |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/11/27/root-explorer-3-3-update-adds-sd-card-write-capability-without-root-in-lollipop/ |title=Root Explorer 3.3 Update Adds SD Card Write Capability Without Root In Lollipop |publisher=Android Police |date=November 27, 2014 |accessdate=November 29, 2014}}</ref>
* Pinning of an application's screen for restricted user activity.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* WebViews receive updates independently through [[Google Play]] for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/lollipop-stops-chromium-bugs-from-endangering-android-7000035032/|title=Lollipop stops Chromium bugs from endangering Android|date=October 24, 2014|work=ZDNet|accessdate=October 28, 2014}}</ref>
* Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu<ref name=AndroidLollipop>{{cite web|url=http://www.android.com/versions/lollipop-5-0/|title=Android - 5.0 Lollipop|date=November 3, 2014|accessdate=November 28, 2014|publisher=Android.com}}</ref>
* ''Tap and Go'' allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.<ref name=IndiaTimes />
* User-customizable priorities for application notifications.<ref name=CNET-priority>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/uk/how-to/setup-interruptions-android-lollipop-do-not-disturb/|title=Set up 'Priority' mode on Android 5.0 Lollipop|author= Jason Cipriani|publisher=CNET|date=November 3, 2014|accessdate=December 23, 2014}}</ref>
* Smart lock feature<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.androidcentral.com/smart-lock-screen-security-options-android-50-lollipop|title=Smart lock screen security options in Android 5.0 Lollipop}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Android 5.0-en.png|200px]]{{br}}Android 5.0 "Lollipop" homescreen
|-
| 5.0.1
| December 2, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.androidpolice.com/2014/12/02/android-5-0-1-lrx22c-hitting-aosp-now/ |title=Android 5.0.1 (LRX22C) Hitting AOSP Now [Update: Factory Images Too] |date=December 2, 2014 |accessdate=December 3, 2014 |author=Liam Spradlin |publisher=Android Police}}</ref>
|
* A few bugfixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling
|-
| 5.0.2
| December 19, 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/images#nakasilrx22g |title=Factory Images for Nexus - Android |publisher=Google}}</ref>
|
* Fixes a bug with [[TRIM]] support, which prevented devices from the nightly on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off while being charged, or if it was charged during the day
* Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pocketnow.com/2014/12/22/android-5-0-2-changes |title=What’s actually new in Android 5.0.2? |date=December 22, 2014 |accessdate=January 6, 2015 |author=Stephen Schenck |publisher=PocketNow.com}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:100%; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="background:#6798A8; text-align:center;" colspan="4" | {{TOC tab|[[Android Lollipop|Android 5.1 Lollipop]] (API level 22)|depth=2}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal !important;" colspan="4" |
|-
! style="background:#6798A8; width:5%; text-align:center;"|Version
! style="background:#6798A8; width:10%; text-align:center;"|{{nowrap|Release date}}
! style="background:#6798A8; width:70%; text-align:center;"|Features
! style="background:#6798A8; width:15%;"|Image(s)
|-
| 5.1
| March 9, 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fieldguide.gizmodo.com/10-things-you-can-do-in-android-5-1-that-you-couldnt-in-1692569263|title=10 Things You Can Do in Android 5.1 That You Couldn't Before|author=David Nield|publisher=Gawker Media|work=Field Guide}}</ref>
|
* Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings
* Support for [[Dual SIM|multiple SIM cards]]<ref name="venturebeat-20150309">{{cite web|url=http://venturebeat.com/2015/03/09/google-confirms-android-5-1-is-landing-on-all-compatible-devices-from-today/|title=Google confirms Android 5.1 is rolling out today, will support multi-SIM devices and HD calls|work=VentureBeat|accessdate=April 24, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Anti-theft system|Device protection]]: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings.
* [[Wideband audio|High-definition voice calls]], available between compatible devices running Android 5.1<ref name="venturebeat-20150309" />
* Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the [[silent mode]] that was removed in Android 5.0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.androidpit.com/android-5-1-lollipop-silent-mode|title=Android 5.1 reinstates Silent Mode, but there's a catch|work=AndroidPIT|accessdate=March 27, 2015}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Android 5.1.1 on Google Nexus 7 2012.png|200px]]{{br}}Android 5.1.1 on the [[Nexus 7 (2012 version)]]
|-
| 5.1.1
| April 21, 2015<ref name="phandroid-5.1.1">{{Cite web|title = Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) officially uploaded to AOSP and here’s the full changelog, Nexus Player factory images also available|url = http://phandroid.com/2015/04/21/android-5-1-1-lmy47v-aosp-changelog-nexus-player-factory-images/|accessdate = 2015-05-01}}</ref>
|
* Fixes a memory leak issue introduced with the Android 5.0 "Lollipop" release
* Various other bugfixes<ref name="phandroid-5.1.1" />
|}
<!--
PLEASE DO NOT add a section on future versions of Android unless there is at least one reliable source (NOT rumor sites, speculative blogs or hoax pictures). Unless it's officially verified by Google or a major phone manufacturer, the new version should not be added.
-->
=={{Anchor|HWREQ}}Hardware requirements==
{{See also|Android (operating system)#HWREQ|l1=Android § Hardware}}
The main hardware platform for Android is the [[ARM architecture]], with [[x86]] and [[MIPS instruction set|MIPS]] architectures also officially supported. Both [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] and [[32-bit]] variants of all three architectures are supported since the release of Android 5.0;<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://developer.android.com/about/versions/lollipop.html
| title = Android Lollipop
| accessdate = November 24, 2014
| website = developer.android.com
| quote = It's supported on ARM, x86, and MIPS architectures and is fully 64-bit compatible.
}}</ref> unofficial [[Android-x86]] project had provided support for the x86 and MIPS architectures ahead of the official support.<ref name="ARMAN-4.0-on-x86">{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |title=Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors |last=Shah |first=Agam |date=December 1, 2011 |work=Computerworld |publisher=International Data Group |accessdate=February 20, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://01.org/android-ia/ |title=Android on Intel Architecture |publisher=01.org |date=July 11, 2013 |accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref> Since 2012, Android devices with [[Intel]] processors began to appear, including phones<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phone-reviews/9314362/Orange-San-Diego-Intel-Android-mobile-phone-review.html |title=Orange San Diego Intel Android mobile phone review |last1=Warman |first1=Matt |date=June 7, 2012 |work=The Daily Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |accessdate=June 19, 2013}}</ref> and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on [[ARM64]].
Minimum hardware requirements have been upgraded in steps over time, with the new Android version releases. Original minimums were 32 [[MiB|MB]] of [[Random-access memory|RAM]] (but less than 128 MB was not recommended,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.netmite.com/android/mydroid/development/pdk/docs/system_requirements.html |title=Android Platform Development Kit |publisher=NetMite.com|date=June 9, 2008 |accessdate=October 31, 2014}}</ref> with first phone [[HTC Dream]] ("flagship") phone using 192 MB), 32 MB of Flash memory, and a 200 [[MHz]] [[ARM architecture]] (ARMv5) processor.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://android.stackexchange.com/questions/14662/minimal-hardware-requirements-for-android/1463#14663 |title=Minimal hardware requirements for Android |date=October 17, 2011 |accessdate=November 1, 2013 |publisher=StackExchange.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mycomputeraid.com/computers/google-android-system-requirements/ |title=Google Android System Requirements |date=March 3, 2009 |accessdate=November 1, 2013 |publisher=MyComputerAid.com}}</ref> {{As of|2013|November}} and Android version 4.4, builds for ARM-based devices require an [[ARMv7]] processor (Android 5.0 also supports [[ARMv8-A]]), while recommended minimum amount of RAM is 512 MB.<ref name="Nexus 5 review"/> The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android 4.4 is 340 MB (this amount does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the [[baseband processor]]), and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices.<ref name="cdd-4.4" />
With the release of Android 4.0 in October 2011, a [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU) supporting [[OpenGL ES]] 2.0 (and ES 1.0) hardware acceleration became mandatory,<ref name="android-opengl-2.0">{{cite web |url=http://source.android.com/devices/graphics.html |title=Graphics |work=Android Developers |accessdate=January 29, 2014|publisher=Android.com}}</ref> regardless of whether installed applications directly use the OpenGL ES or not. Later, Android 4.3 added support for OpenGL ES 3.0; if used, support for both older versions (ES 2.0 and 1.0) is still mandatory.<ref name="android-opengl-2.0" />
In addition to running directly on x86-based hardware, Android can also be run on x86 architecture by using official Android [[emulator]] as part of the [[Android SDK]], or by using third-party emulators such as [[BlueStacks]] or Andy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.howtogeek.com/179691/4-ways-to-run-android-on-your-pc-and-make-your-own-dual-os-system/ |title=4 Ways to Run Android on Your PC and Make Your Own "Dual OS" System |publisher=HowToGeek.com |date=January 13, 2014 |accessdate=April 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Brad Chacos |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2048220/hybrid-hijinks-how-to-install-android-on-your-pc.html |title=Hybrid hijinks: How to install Android on your PC |publisher=PCWorld |date=September 6, 2013 |accessdate=April 7, 2014}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Computing}}
<!--To prevent this section from growing out of control please only add major mobile operating systems and articles on similar topics.-->
{{Div col||22em}}
* [[BlackBerry 10 version history]]
* [[Firefox OS#Release history|Firefox OS version history]]
* [[iOS version history]]
* [[Palm OS version history]]
* [[Sailfish OS#Software version|Sailfish OS version history]]
* [[Symbian version history]]
* [[Tizen version history]]
* [[Windows Phone version history]]
{{Div col end}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Android (operating system)}}
* [http://www.android.com/ Official Android website]
* [http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/api-levels.html Android API Levels] via Android Developer
* [http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/7/2585779/android-history Android: A visual history], [[The Verge]], by Chris Ziegler
* [http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os The history of Android], [[Ars Technica]], by Ron Amadeo
* [http://www.bidouille.org/misc/androidcharts Website with Android version distribution historical charts]
* [http://talentleopard.com/a-brief-history-of-android-version/ A Brief History of Android Version From Cupcake To Lollipop]
* [http://socialcompare.com/en/comparison/android-versions-comparison Android versions comparison]
* [http://www.cvedetails.com/vulnerability-list/vendor_id-1224/product_id-19997/Google-Android.html Google Android: List of CVE security vulnerabilities]
{{Android}}
{{Google Inc.}}
[[Category:Android (operating system)]]
[[Category:Google software]]
[[Category:Mobile operating systems]]
[[Category:Software version histories]]
[[Category:Smartphones]]
[[Category:Tablet computers]]
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