Robotic sensors: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Robot sensors.jpg|thumb|right|size|300px|Types of [[robot]] sensors ([[Light]] and [[Sound]] sensors)]]

'''Robotic sensors''' are used to estimate a [[robot]]'s condition and environment. These signals are passed to a robot controller to controlenable robotappropriate functionalitybehavior.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotstorehk.com/sensor.html | title=Automation and Robotics ( Robot Store ) | publisher=Robot Store (HK) | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.active-robots.com/sensors | title=Robotics sensors (Active) | publisher=Active Robots | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

'''Sensors''' in robots are based on the functions of human [[sensory organs. This is why terms such as vision, tactile, and other terms used for sensory functions are commonly used in discussions about robotic sensorsorgan]]s. Robots, like humans, must gatherrequire extensive information about their environment in order to function effectively.

== Part-PickingClassification ==

Sensors provide analogs to human senses and can monitor other phenomena for which humans lack explicit sensors.

In a special parts feeder, an alignment pallet is not necessarily required. The reason for this is an automatic system can be constructed at low cost for alignment operations, such as vision sensors that perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertion [[robot]]s can precisely perform fitting and insertion operations of [[machine]] parts with the help of different kinds of [[sensor]]s. Different phases' parts are attached by the [[robot]] after matching. Such a robotic system can perform tasks that a human cannot perform.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

* Simple Touch: Sensing thean object's presence or absence of an object.

* Complex Touch: Sensing the presence of an object's plussize, some information on its sizeshape and/or shapehardness.

* Simple Force: MeasureingMeasuring force along a single axis.

* ComplesComplex Force: Measuring force along two or moremultiple axes.

* Simple Vision: Detecting edges, holes, corners, and so oncorners.

* Complex Vision: Recognizing shapesobjects.

* Proximity: Non-contact detection of an object.

Robot Sensation is a term that refers to sensory input, allowing robots to measure physical properties. Depending on the type of sensors embedded in the [[robot]], a robotSensors can measure physical properties, such as the distance between objects, the presence of light, and the frequency of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

== Robot Sensation ==

RobotsThey can measure:

Robot Sensation is a term that refers to sensory input, allowing robots to measure physical properties. Depending on the type of sensors embedded in the [[robot]], a robot can measure physical properties, such as the distance between objects, the presence of light, and the frequency of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/robot-sensation | title=Robot Sensation | publisher=British Pathe | accessdate=27 January 2015}}</ref>

Robots can measure:

* Object Proximity: The presence/absence of an object, bearing, color, distance between objects.

* Physical orientation. The co-ordinates of object in space.

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* Chemicals: The presence, identity, and concentration of chemicals or reactants.

* Light: The presence, color, and intensity of light.

* Sound: The presence, frequency, and intensity of sound.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robotplatform.com/knowledge/sensors/types_of_robot_sensors.html | title=Types of Robot Sensors | publisher=Robot PlateformPlatform | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

ForMotion motion controlcontrollers, potentiometers, tacho-generators, and encoder, etc. are used as joint sensors, whereas strain-gauge based sensing etc., areis used at the end-effector ___location for contact force control.

== Sensor Classification ==

Sensors in robots are similar to our eyes, nose, ears, mouth, and skin. The following are major capabilities required by a robot:

* Simple Touch: Sensing the presence or absence of an object.

* Complex Touch: Sensing the presence of an object plus some information on its size and shape.

* Simple Force: Measureing force along a single axis.

* Comples Force: Measuring force along two or more axes.

* Proximity: Non-contact detection of an object.

* Simple Vision: Detecting edges, holes, corners, and so on.

* Complex Vision: Recognizing shapes.

For motion control, potentiometers, tacho-generators, encoder, etc. are used as joint sensors, whereas strain-gauge based sensing etc., are used at the end-effector ___location for contact force control.

==Internal sensor==

Internal sensors, asmeasure the name suggests, are used to measure therobot's internal state of a robot. They are used to measure properties such asits position, velocity, and acceleration, etc. at a particular instance.

=== Position sensor ===

'''Position sensors''' measure the position of eacha joint (i.e.,the degree to which the joint angleis of a robotextended). TheThey following are different position sensorsinclude:

* Encoder: An encoder is a digital optical device that converts motion into a sequence of digital pulses.

* Potentiometer: A potentiometer, also referred to as a "pot"，is a variable resistance device that expresses linear or angular displacements in terms of voltage.

* LVDT: The linearLinear variable differential transformer: (LVDT) is one of the most widely useda displacement transducers,transducer particularlythat whenprovides high accuracy is needed. It generates an AC signal whose magnitude is relateda tofunction of the displacement of a moving core.

* Synchros and Resolvers.

=== Velocity Sensor ===

'''VelocityA Sensors''',velocity or speed sensors,sensor measuremeasures consecutive position measurements at known time intervals and computecomputes the time rate of change in the position values or it directly finds it based on different principles.

== Applications ==

'''Position sensors''' measure the position of each joint (i.e., the joint angle of a robot). The following are different position sensors:

* Encoder: An encoder is a digital optical device that converts motion into a sequence of digital pulses.

* Potentiometer: A potentiometer, also referred to as a "pot"，is a variable resistance device that expresses linear or angular displacements in terms of voltage.

* LVDT: The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is one of the most widely used displacement transducers, particularly when high accuracy is needed. It generates an AC signal whose magnitude is related to the displacement of a moving core.

* Synchros and Resolvers.

In a special parts feeder, ana alignmentvision palletsensor iscan noteliminate necessarily required. Thethe reasonneed for this is an automatic system can be constructed at low cost for alignment operations,pallet. suchVision-enabled as vision sensors that perform inspection, pick bins, etc. Insertioninsertion [[robot]]srobots can precisely perform fitting and insertion operations of [[machine]] parts with the help of different kinds of [[sensor]]s. Different phases' parts are attached by the [[robot]] after matching. Such a robotic system can perform tasks that a human cannot perform.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.universalrobotics.com/random-bin-picking | title=Random Bin Picking & Automated Assembly | publisher=Universal | accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref>

'''Velocity Sensors''', or speed sensors, measure consecutive position measurements at known time intervals and compute the time rate of change in the position values or it directly finds it based on different principles.

==See also==

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==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Robotics]]

[[Category:Robots]]