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== Variants of Firefly Algorithm ==
A recent, comprehensive review showed that the firefly algorithm and its variants have been used in almost all areas of science<ref>I.{{cite journal | last1 = Fister, | first1 = I. | last2 = Fister | first2 = Jr., | last3 = Yang | first3 = X. S. Yang,| last4 = Brest | first4 = J. Brest,| year = 2013 | title = "A comprehensive review of firefly algorithms, ''| url = | journal = Swarm and Evolutionary Computation'', vol.| volume = 13, no.| issue = 1,| pp.pages 34-46= (2013).34–46 }}</ref> There are more than twenty variants:
=== Discrete Firefly Algorithm (DFA) ===
=== Hybrid Algorithms ===
A [[hybrid algorithm|hybrid]] intelligent scheme has been developed by combining the firefly algorithm with the ant colony optimization.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Giannakouris | first1 = G. Giannakouris,| last2 = Vassiliadis | first2 = V. Vassiliadis| last3 = Dounias | first3 and= G. Dounias,| year = 2010 | title = Experimental study on a hybrid nature-inspired algorithm for financial portfolio optimization, | url = | journal = SETN 2010,| volume LNAI= 6040, pp.| 101-111issue (2010).= | pages = 101–111 }}</ref>
=== Firefly Algorithm Based Memetic Algorithm===
=== Digital Image Compression and Image Processing ===
Very recently, an FF-LBG algorithm for vector quantization of digital image compression was based on the firefly algorithm, which proves to be faster than other algorithms such as [[Particle swarm optimization|PSO]]-LBG and HBMO-LBG (particle swarm optimization and honey-bee mating optimization; variations on the [[Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm]]).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Horng | first1 = M.-H. and| last2 = Jiang | first2 = T. W., "| year = 2010 | title = The codebook design of image vector quantization based on the firefly algorithm, ''| url = | journal = Computational Collective Intelligence, Technologies and Applications, LNCS'' Vol.| volume = 6423, pp.| 438-447issue (2010).= | pages = 438–447 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Horng | first1 = M.-H. Horng,| year = 2011 | title = vector quantization using the firefly algorithm for image compression, ''| url = | journal = Expert Systems with Applications'' Vol.| volume = 38: | issue = | page = }}</ref> For minimum cross entropy thresholding, firefly-based algorithm uses the least computation time<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Horng | first1 = M.-H. | last2 = Liou | first2 = R.-J | year = 2011 | title = Multilevel minimum cross entropy threshold selection based on the firefly algorithm | url = | journal = Expert Systems with Applications | volume = 38 | issue = 12| pages = 14805–14811 }}</ref> Also, for gel electrophoresis images, FA-based method is very efficient.<ref>M. H. M. Noor, A. R. Ahmad, Z. Hussain, K. A. Ahmad, A. R. Ainihayati, Multilevel thresholding of gel electrophoresis images using firefly algorithm, in: Proceedings of Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE2011), pp. 18-21 (2011).</ref>
=== Eigenvalue optimization ===
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