Inductive programming: Difference between revisions

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Output of an IP system is a program in some arbitrary programming language containing conditionals and loop or recursive control structures, or any other kind of [[Turing completeness|Turing-complete]] [[Knowledge representation and reasoning|representation]] language.

In many applications the output program must be correct with respect to the examples and partial specification, and this leads to the consideration of inductive programming as a special area inside automatic programming or [[program synthesis]],<ref>{{cite journal|first1=A.W.|last1=Biermann|title=Automatic programming|editor1-first=S.C.|editor1-last=Shapiro|publisher=Wiley|journal=Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence|pages=18–35|year=1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=C.|last1=Rich|first2=R.C.|last2=Waters|title=Approaches to automatic programming|editor1-first=M.C.|editor1-last=Yovits|publisher=Academic Press|journal=Advances in computers|volume=37|year=1993}}</ref> usually opposed to 'deductive' program synthesis,<ref>{{cite book|editor1-first=M.L.|editor1-last=Lowry|editor1editor2-first=R.D.|editor2-last=McCarthy|title=Automatic software design|year=1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Z.|last1=Manna|first2=R.|last2=Waldinger|title=Fundamentals of deductive program synthesis|journal=IEEE Trans Softw Eng|volume=18 | issue = 8|pages=674–704|year=1992|doi=10.1109/32.153379}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=P.|last1=Flener|title=Achievements and prospects of program synthesis|editor1-first=A.|editor1-last=Kakas|editor2-first=F.|editor2-last=Sadri|publisher=Springer|journal=Computational logic: logic programming and beyond; essays in honour of Robert A. Kowalski|volume=LNAI 2407|pages=310–346|year=2002|doi=10.1007/3-540-45628-7_13}}</ref> where the specification is usually complete.

In other cases, inductive programming is seen as a more general area where any declarative programming or representation language can be used and we may even have some degree of error in the examples, as in general [[machine learning]], the more specific area of [[structure mining]] or the area of symbolic artificial intelligence. A distinctive feature is the number of examples or partial specification needed. Typically, inductive programming techniques can learn from just a few examples.