Curly bracket programming language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:44, 28 July 2004

Revision as of 13:48, 18 October 2004

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This article describes the syntax of programming languages.

The syntax of the [[Java programming language]] derives heavily from [[C syntax|C]] and [[C Plus Plus|C++]] syntax. The control structures are identical, but Java adds keywords and syntactic features to ease certain [[object oriented programming]] idioms.

=== ControlComment structures ===

See [[comment]]

==== Loops ====

== Statements and blocks ==

The '''curly brace family''' of [[programming language]]s includes [[C programming language|C]], [[C Plus Plus|C++]], [[D programming language|D]], [[Java programming language|Java]], [[AWK]], [[Perl]], [[PHP]], [[C Sharp programming language|C#]] and others. The name derives from the common [[syntax]] of the languages, where blocks of statements are enclosed in [[bracket#Brackets in computing|curly braces]]. For example (using [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]]/[[Eric Allman|Allman]] [[indent style]], one of many stylistic ways to format a program):

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

'''{'''

printf("%d", i);

doTask(i);

'''}'''

Languages in this family are sometimes referred to as '''C-style''', because they tend to have syntax that is strongly influenced by [[C syntax|C's syntax]]. Beside the curly braces, they often inherit other syntactic features, such as using the semicolon as a statement terminator (not as a separator), and the three-part "for" statement syntax as shown above.

Generally, these languages are also considered "free-form languages", meaning that the compiler considers all whitespace to be the same as one blank space, much like [[HTML]]. Considering that, the above code ''could'' be written:

for(int i=0;i<10;i++)'''{'''printf("%d",i);doTask(i);'''}'''

but this is not recommended, as it becomes nearly impossible for a person to read after the program grows beyond a few statements.

There are many other ways to identify statement blocks, such as ending keywords that may match beginning keywords (see [[Visual Basic]], [[Pascal programming language|Pascal]], [[Ada programming language|Ada]], and [[REXX]]), indentation (see [[Python programming language|Python]]), or other symbols such as parentheses (see [[LISP]]).

==== Loops ====

In [[Java programming language|Java]], [[C programming language|C]] and [[C Plus Plus|C++]]

while (''Boolean expression'') {

''statement(s)''

}

do {

''statement(s)''

} while (''Boolean expression'');

for (''initialisation'' ; ''termination condition'' ; ''incrementing expr'') {

Line 19 ⟶ 40:

}

==== Conditional statements ====

In [[Java programming language|Java]], [[C programming language|C]] and [[C Plus Plus|C++]]

==== Conditional statements ====

if (''Boolean expression'') {

''statement(s)''

}

if (''Boolean expression'') {

Line 32 ⟶ 52:

''statement(s)''

}

With ''else if'' arbitrarily complex ''if-then-constructions'' may be built.

if (''Boolean expression'') {

''statement(s)''

} else if (''Boolean expression'') {

''statement(s)''

} else if (''Boolean expression'') {

''statement(s)''

} else {

''statement(s)''

}

switch (''integer expression'') {

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}

In [[Ruby programming language|Ruby]],

if (''Boolean expression'') {then

''statement(s)''

end

=== Exception handling ===

In [[Java programming language|Java]], [[C programming language|C]] and [[C Plus Plus|C++]]

try {

''statement(s)''

Line 70 ⟶ 80:

''statement(s)''

}

[[Category:Curly bracket programming languages]]