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In all cases both EDM monitoring and in particular CSO spill containment requires real-time data and this usually is delivered either using the cell phone network or radio telemetry, where the occurrence of a spill is detected using a form of flow detection transducer (FDT), rather than a level transducer that is used for blockages.
==History==▼
[[Image:Wonga wetlands sewage plant.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Sewage treatment plant]] used to create the Wonga Wetlands, [[Australia]]]]▼
Since medieval times rulers have been aware of the impact of raw sewage improperly discharged to the environment. Before treatment systems existed in 16th century [[England]], [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] decreed that sewage troughs should be kept flowing so that they would not stagnate in [[London]] prior to reaching the [[River Thames]] ([[London sewer system]]). It was not until the 19th century when America and parts of Europe developed wastewater treatment, that the concept of SSO materialized; however, communities were merely happy to have wastewater treatment systems, and did not complain greatly about overflows until the dawning of 20th century environmental awareness in the 1960s. At that time the [[USA]] began recognizing locations and frequencies of SSOs in a systematic way. Local governments heard complaints of citizens, beach closure protocols were systematised and the U.S. [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) began detailed engineering analyses for major cities across the country. After passage of the U.S. [[Clean Water Act]] in 1972, the 1980s saw spending of billions of dollars on system upgrading (although most funds during this period were spent on upgrades to [[secondary treatment]] rather than addressing SSO problems). In the 1990s [[Japan]], the [[UK]] and a number of other European countries began earnest investigation of some of their countries’ overflow issues.▼
==Magnitude of the problem==
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While developed countries such as the United States, [[Canada]], most [[Western Europe]]an states, [[Australia]] and [[Japan]] are considered to be struggling with a public health problem of SSO prevention, the [[underdeveloped countries]] of the world discharge approximately 20,000 times the amount of raw sewage into the environment as those advanced countries collectively, approximately (the equivalent of) 100 trillion U.S. gallons (380 km³) of untreated sewage per year. This dichotomy of expenditure and [[public health]] benefit is arguably the greatest disparity between developed and underdeveloped nations as of the year 2006.{{citation needed|date=June 2010}}
▲==History==
▲[[Image:Wonga wetlands sewage plant.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Sewage treatment plant]] used to create the Wonga Wetlands, [[Australia]]]]
▲Since medieval times rulers have been aware of the impact of raw sewage improperly discharged to the environment. Before treatment systems existed in 16th century [[England]], [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] decreed that sewage troughs should be kept flowing so that they would not stagnate in [[London]] prior to reaching the [[River Thames]] ([[London sewer system]]). It was not until the 19th century when America and parts of Europe developed wastewater treatment, that the concept of SSO materialized; however, communities were merely happy to have wastewater treatment systems, and did not complain greatly about overflows until the dawning of 20th century environmental awareness in the 1960s. At that time the [[USA]] began recognizing locations and frequencies of SSOs in a systematic way. Local governments heard complaints of citizens, beach closure protocols were systematised and the U.S. [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) began detailed engineering analyses for major cities across the country. After passage of the U.S. [[Clean Water Act]] in 1972, the 1980s saw spending of billions of dollars on system upgrading (although most funds during this period were spent on upgrades to [[secondary treatment]] rather than addressing SSO problems). In the 1990s [[Japan]], the [[UK]] and a number of other European countries began earnest investigation of some of their countries’ overflow issues.
==See also==
* [[Combined sewer]]
* [[Sanitary sewer]]
* [[Water pollution]]
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