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AOP includes programming methods and tools that support the modularization of concerns at the level of the source code, while "aspect-oriented software development" refers to a whole engineering discipline.
Aspect-oriented programming entails breaking down program logic into distinct parts (so-called ''concerns'', cohesive areas of functionality). Nearly all programming paradigms support some level of grouping and [[encapsulation (computer science)|encapsulation]] of concerns into separate, independent entities by providing abstractions (e.g., functions, procedures, modules, classes, methods) that can be used for implementing, abstracting and composing these concerns. Some concerns "cut across" multiple abstractions in a program, and defy these forms of implementation. These concerns are called ''cross-cutting concerns'' or horizontal concerns.
[[data logging|Logging]] exemplifies a crosscutting concern because a logging strategy necessarily affects every logged part of the system. Logging thereby ''crosscuts'' all logged classes and methods.
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