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'''Android science''' is an interdisciplinary framework for studying human interaction and cognition based on the premise that a very humanlike [[robot]] (that is, an [[Android (robot)|android]]) can elicit human-directed social responses in human beings.<ref>Reeves, B. & [[Clifford Nass|Nass, C.]] (2002). ''[[The Media Equation]]: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places.'' University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-1-57586-053-4</ref><ref>MacDorman, K. F., Minato, T., Shimada, M., Itakura, S., Cowley, S. J., & Ishiguro, H. (2005). Assessing human likeness by eye contact in an android testbed. In ''Proceedings of the XXVII Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.'' July 25–26, Stresa, Italy.</ref> The android's ability to elicit human-directed social responses enables researchers to employ an android in experiments with human participants as an apparatus that can be controlled more precisely than a human actor.<ref>[http://www.macdorman.com MacDorman, K. F.] & [http://www.ed.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Ishiguro, H.] (2006). [http://www.macdorman.com/kfm/writings/pubs/MacDorman2006AndroidScience.pdf The uncanny advantage of using androids in cognitive science research.] ''Interaction Studies, 7''(3), 297-337.</ref>
While mechanical-looking robots may be able to elicit social responses to some extent, a robot that looks and acts like a human being is in a better position to stand in for a human actor in social, psychological, cognitive, or neuroscientific experiments.<ref>[http://www.macdorman.com MacDorman, K. F.] & [http://www.ed.ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Ishiguro, H.] (2006). [http://www.macdorman.com/kfm/writings/pubs/MacDorman2006OpeningPandorasUncannyBox.pdf Opening Pandora’s uncanny box: Reply to commentaries on “The uncanny advantage of using androids in social and cognitive science research.”] Interaction Studies, 7(3), 361-368.</ref> This gives experiments with androids a level of ecological validity with respect to human interaction found lacking in experiments with mechanical-looking robots.<ref>{{
An experimental setting for human-android interaction also provides a testing ground for models concerning how cognitive or neural processing influence human interaction, because models can be implemented in the android and tested in interaction with human participants. In android science, cognitive science and engineering are understood as enjoying a synergistic relationship in which the results from a deepening understanding of human interaction and the development of increasingly humanlike androids feed into each other.<ref>Ishiguro, H. (2005). Android science: Toward a new cross-disciplinary framework. In ''Toward social mechanisms of android science: A CogSci 2005 Workshop.'' July 25–26, Stresa, Italy, pp. 1-6.</ref>
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