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'''Diffusing capacity''' of the lung (D<sub>L</sub>) measures the transfer of gas from air in the lung, to the [[red blood cell]]s in lung blood vessels. It is part of a comprehensive series of tests ([[pulmonary function testing]]) to determine the overall ability of the [[lung]] to transport gas into and out of the blood. D<sub>L</sub>, especially [[DLCO|D<sub>LCO</sub>]], is reduced in certain diseases of the lung and heart. D<sub>LCO</sub> measurement has been standardized according to a position paper<ref name="multiple">{{cite journal |
In [[respiratory physiology]], the diffusing capacity has a long history of great utility, representing [[Electrical resistance and conductance|conductance]] of gas across the alveolar-capillary membrane and also takes into account factors affecting the behaviour of a given gas with hemoglobin{{Citation needed|reason=uncited definition|date=March 2014}}.
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== Interpretation ==
In general, a healthy individual has a value of <math>D_{L_{CO}}</math> between 75% and 125% of the average.<ref name=uppsala>LUNGFUNKTION - Practice compendium for semester 6. Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Academic Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Retrieved 2010.</ref> However, individuals vary according to age, sex, height and a variety of other parameters. For this reason, reference values have been published, based on populations of healthy subjects<ref>{{cite journal | author = Miller A, Thornton JC, Warshaw R, Anderson H, Teirstein AS, Selikoff IJ | year = 1983 | title = Single breath diffusing capacity in a representative sample of the population of Michigan, a large industrial state. Predicted values, lower limits of normal, and frequencies of abnormality by smoking history | url = | journal = Am Rev Respir Dis. | volume = 127 | issue = 3| pages = 270–7 | pmid = 6830050 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Knudson RJ, Kaltenborn WT, Knudson DE, Burrows B | year = 1987 | title = The single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Reference equations derived from a healthy nonsmoking population and effects of hematocrit | url = | journal = Am Rev Respir Dis. | volume = 135 | issue = 4| pages = 805–11 | pmid = 3565929 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Cotes JE, Chinn DJ, Quanjer PH, Roca J, Yernault JC | year = 1993 | title = Standardization of the measurement of transfer factor (Diffusing capacity) | url = | journal = Eur Respir J Suppl | volume = 16 | issue = | pages = 41–52 | pmid = 8499053 }}</ref> as well as measurements made at altitude,<ref>{{cite journal | author = Crapo RO, Morris AH, Gardner RM | year = 1982 | title = Reference values for pulmonary tissue volume, membrane diffusing capacity, and pulmonary capillary blood volume | url = | journal = Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir | volume = 18 | issue = 6| pages = 893–9 | pmid = 6927541 }}</ref> for children<ref>{{cite journal | author = Koopman M, Zanen P, Kruitwagen CL, van der Ent CK, Arets HG | year = 2011 | title = Reference values for paediatric pulmonary function testing: The Utrecht dataset | url = | journal = Respir Med. | volume = 105 | issue = | pages = 15–23 }} Erratum in: ''Respir Med.'' 2011 105:1970-1. PMID 20889322.</ref> and some specific population groups.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Chin NK, Ng TP, Hui KP, Tan WC | date = Jun 1997 | title = Population based standards for pulmonary function in non-smoking adults in Singapore | url = | journal = Respirology | volume = 2 | issue = 2| pages = 143–9 | pmid = 9441128 | doi=10.1111/j.1440-1843.1997.tb00070.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Piirilä P, Seikkula T, Välimäki P | year = 2007 | title = Differences between Finnish and European reference values for pulmonary diffusing capacity | url = | journal = Int J Circumpolar Health | volume = 66 | issue = 5| pages = 449–57 | pmid = 18274210 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |
===Blood CO levels may not be negligible===
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