Role of cell adhesions in neural development: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:37, 21 February 2015

Revision as of 02:55, 2 September 2015

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===Thy-1 adhesion protein===

Thy-1 (or [[thy-1|CD90.2]]) is a membrane bound [[glycoprotein]] that has been shown to be involved in the [[axon guidance]] pathway. This protein has been shown to be highly mobile, as it contains a [[Glycophosphatidylinositol|GPI]] membrane anchor. Although much of the details are elusive, it is known that thy-1 interacts with the protein dimer integrin found on [[astrocytes]], forming aggregates that can inhibit neurite outgrowth and extension. Thy-1 has also been shown to have involvement in the [[src (gene)|src]]-family kinase pathway.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rege|first=Tanya|title=Thy-1, via its GPI anchor, modulates Src family kinase and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and subcellular localization, and fibroblast migration, in response to thrombospondin-1/hep I|journal=Chronology|year=2006|doi=10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.07.029}}</ref> This astrocyte-neuron feedback has been proposed as a mechanism involved in CNS tissue repair post-injury, as a down regulation of thy-1 may lead to enhanced neurite outgrowth. Additional research has shown that thy-1 expression in post natal humans is elevated for several weeks. This suggests that in addition to tissue repair, thy-1 might have roles in early CNS tissue development and organization.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Herrera-Molina|first=Rodrigo|author2=et al |title=Astrocytic aVb3 Integrin Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth and Promotes Retraction of Neuronal Processes by Clustering Thy-1|journal=PLoS ONE|date=May 2012|volume=7|series=3|pages=e34295|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034295|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Barker|first=Thomas|title=Thy-1 regulates fibroblast focal adhesions, cytoskeletal organization and migration through modulation of p190 RhoGAP and Rho GTPase activity|journal=Experimental Cell Research|year=2004|volume=295|pages=488–496|doi=10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.01.026 }}</ref>

===L1 family protein===

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==Relevant neurological conditions==

Several debilitating diseases are brought about from errors in neural development due in part to problems involving neural cell adhesions and adhesion mechanisms.

*CRASH syndrome (or L1 syndrome) is brought about by a mutation in the L1CAM gene on the x-[[chromosome]], resulting in a malfunctioning L1CAM protein. CRASH (acronym) syndrome include the conditions:<ref name="pmid8556302">{{cite journal |author=Fransen E, Lemmon V, Van Camp G, Vits L, Coucke P, Willems PJ |title=CRASH syndrome: clinical spectrum of corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spastic paraparesis and hydrocephalus due to mutations in one single gene, L1 |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=273–84 |year=1995 |pmid=8556302 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7562969">{{cite journal |authorvauthors=Ruiz JC, Cuppens H, Legius E, etetal al.|title=Mutations in L1-CAM in two families with X linked complicated spastic paraplegia, MASA syndrome, and HSAS |journal=Journal of medical genetics |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=549–52 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7562969 |pmc=1050549 |doi= 10.1136/jmg.32.7.549|url=}}</ref>

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