Order of Saint Stanislaus: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:300px-Ster Lint en Grootkruis van Sint Stanislaus Polen 1765.jpg|thumb|Imperial Russian Order of St.Stanislas, Grand Cross (about 1860)]]

'''Order of Saint Stanislas''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: Order św. Stanisława, [[Russian (language)|Russian]]: Орденъ св. Станислава) was an [[order (decoration)|order]] in [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The order existed between [[1765]] and [[1917]] and was recognized in the award system of the [[Russian Empire]] (from[[1832]] to [[1917]]).

An organisation of a similar name claiming to be the continuation of the legitimate Order was established in [[1979]] by [[Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki]], a self-styled "Count" controversially regarding himself as the [[Polish government in exile|President of Poland in exile]]. In [[1990]] Nowina-Sokolnicki made the order to be of independent character, established worldwide. However, there is a big controversy if the renewed award is a legitimate one.

A letter in the late 1990s from the Vice-Consul of the Polish Embassy in Canada succinctly explained the position of the Polish Government towards Mr. Sokolonicki: "Mr. Juliusz Nowina Sokolnicki has never been a legitimate Polish President in Exile. His position has never been recognised either formerly by the Polish Government in Exile or currently by the Polish Government in Warsaw. Therefore, his activities as a Polish President in Exile has [sic] never been honoured. Furthermore, by virtue of the statement of Mr. Andrzej Drzycimski - secretary of state, former spokesman to the Polish President Lech Walesa, published in June 1994, any awards, medals title or ranks granted by Mr. J. Nowina Sokolnici (i.e. the Order of St. Stanislaw mentioned in your letter) are not officially recognised by the Polish

The '''Order of Saint StanislasStanislaus''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: Order św. Stanisława, [[Russian (language)|Russian]]: Орденъ св. Станислава), also spelled Stanislas , was an [[order (decoration)|order]] in [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The order existed between [[1765]] and [[1917]]. andA new Order of Saint Stanislaus was recognizedestablished in the1990 awardby systema group of prominent Polish citizens supported by the [[RussianArchbishop Empire]]of (from[[1832]]Krakow. This Order of Saint-Stanislaus is meant to [[1917]])be a restoration of the former Order. This is however not an official Order of the Polish State.

authorities. (signed) Andrzej K. Krezel, Vice Consul."

There are therefore no less than three " Orders of Saint Stanislaus" in existence today.

In order of date of birth:

* The Tsarist order that was abolished in Russia in 1918. Nevertheless the head of the Imperial House of [[Romanov]] ocasionally awards crosses in this order.

* The [[International Order of Saint Stanislaus founded in 1979|Order of Saint Stanislaus]] of the self-styled " President of Poland", [[Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki]], esteblished in 1979.

* The Polish Order of Saint Stanislaus (re)esteblished in 1990.

A bogus order of Saint Stanislaus was active in Italy in the 1950's. It no longer exists.

===History===

[[Image:Stanislaus.jpg|thumb|Imperial Russian Order of St.Stanislas, Grand Cross (about 1860)]]

[[Image:Stanislaus.jpg|thumb|Imperial Russian Order of St.Stanislas, Grand Cross (about 1860)]]

[[Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski, King of Poland]] established the ''Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr'' on [[May 7]], [[1765]] to honor the service to the King.

After the [[Partitions of Poland|partition of Poland]] it was recognized in the [[Grand Duchy of Warsaw]] in [[1807]]. Since [[1815]] in the [[Congress Kingdom|Polish (Congress) Kingdom]], the order, originally in a single class, was retained and divided into four classes. After the dawnfall of the [[November Uprising]], the order was added to the awards system of the [[Russian Empire]] in [[1832]], where it remained until [[1917]]. It was often awarded to the very policemen that trampled Polish independence, democracy and culture and the order became very unpopular. In [[1918]] Poland regained its independence as the [[Second Polish Republic]], the unpopular order was not renewed and replaced by the [[Polonia Restituta|Order of Polonia Restituta]].

It was ecclesiastic officially reintroduced in [[1990]] by prominent Polish citizens after fall of the independencecommunist government with the help of the primate of Poland after the defeat of communist regime. TheThis Order of St. Stanislas was madeis an independent sovereign order, excluded it from the system of state awards and divided into four Grand Priorates (Poland, Germany, Malta, Finland). The Priorates of Germany, Malta and Finland belong to the official Order situated in Poland, represented by the current Polish Grand Prior, the well-known Prof. Dr. Marek Kwiatkowski. The government of the Order is situated at the [[Łazienki Palace]] in [[Warsaw]]. Presently the Order strive for becoming a Polish state award again.

On June 9, 1979, [[Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki]], regarding himself as the [[Polish government in exile|President in exile]], reintroduced the order and became its Grand Master. However, Nowina-Sokolnicki has not been regarded as the legitimate President of Poland, and the renewed order has not been a Polish state award. He used the Order as a commercial issue to live modestly.

It was ecclesiastic officially reintroduced in [[1990]] after the independence with the help of the primate of Poland after the defeat of communist regime. The Order of St. Stanislas was made an independent sovereign order, excluded it from the system of state awards and divided into four Grand Priorates (Poland, Germany, Malta, Finland). The Priorates of Germany, Malta and Finland belong to the official Order situated in Poland, represented by the current Polish Grand Prior, the well-known Prof. Dr. Marek Kwiatkowski. The government of the Order is situated at the [[Łazienki Palace]] in [[Warsaw]]. Presently the Order strive for becoming a Polish state award again.

[[Image:Order Stanislawa1.jpg|thumb|right|130px|Order of Saint Stanislaus (star, present, illegal order).]]

The order is named in honor of Bishop of [[Kraków]] and Patron Saint of Poland [[Stanislaus of Szczepanów|St. Stanislas of Szczepanów]].

===External links===

*[http://www.geocities.com/polishnobles/Sokolnicki.html The Self-Styled Order of St. Stanislas of Juliusz Nowina-Sokolnicki by Rafal Heydel-Mankoo]

* http://www.st-stanislaus-ritterorden.de The German Homepage of the Order (with pictures)

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[[Category:Awards and decorations of Poland]]

[[de:Sankt Stanislausorden-Stanislaus-Orden]]

[[fr:Ordre de Saint-Stanislas]]

[[nl:Orde van Sint-Stanislaus]]

[[pl:Order Świętego Stanisława]]