Timeline of computational mathematics: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:38, 6 September 2015

Revision as of 20:21, 2 October 2015

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== 1940s ==

* Monte Carlo simulation (voted one of the top 10 [[algorithm]]s of the 20th century) invented at Los Alamos by von Neumann, Ulam and Metropolis.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Metropolis|first=N.|title=The Beginning of the Monte Carlo method|journal=Los Alamos Science|year=1987|volume=No. 15, Page 125|url=http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?15-12.pdf}}. Accessed 5 may 2012.</ref><ref>S. Ulam, R. D. Richtmyer, and J. von Neumann(1947). [http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?00329286.pdf Statistical methods in neutron diffusion]. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LAMS–551.</ref><ref>N. Metropolis and S. Ulam (1949). The Monte Carlo method. Journal of the American Statistical Association 44:335–341.</ref>

* First [[Computational Fluid Dynamics|hydro simulations]] at Los Alamos occurred.<ref>Richtmyer, R. D. (1948). Proposed Numerical Method for Calculation of Shocks. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory LA-671.</ref><ref>A Method for the Numerical Calculation of Hydrodynamic Shocks.

Von Neumann, J.; Richtmyer, R. D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, pp. 232–237</ref>

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|volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=1087&ndash;1092 |year=1953

|doi=10.1063/1.1699114

|bibcode = 1953JChPh..21.1087M }}</ref> Also, important earlier independent work by Alder and S. Frankel.<ref>Unfortunately, Alder's thesis advisor was unimpressed, so Alder and Frankel delayed publication of their results until much later. [http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/23/3/10.1063/1.1742004 Alder, B. J. , Frankel, S. P. , and Lewinson, B. A. , J. Chem. Phys., 23, 3 (1955)].</ref><ref>[http://www.hp9825.com/html/stan_frankel.html Stanley P. Frankel, Unrecognized Genius],] HP9825.COM (accessed 29 Aug 2015).</ref>

* Fermi, Ulam and Pasta with help from [[Mary Tsingou]], discover the [[Fermi–Pasta–Ulam problem]].<ref>Fermi, E. (posthumously); Pasta, J.; Ulam, S. (1955) : [http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0041.pdf Studies of Nonlinear Problems (accessed 25 Sep 2012)]. Los Alamos Laboratory Document LA-1940. [http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos323/papers/fpu55.pdf Also appeared] in 'Collected Works of Enrico Fermi', E. Segre ed. , [[University of Chicago Press]], Vol.II,978–988,1965. Recovered 21 Dec 2012</ref>

* Molecular dynamics invented by Alder and Wainwright<ref>Alder, B. J.; T. E. Wainwright (1959). "Studies in Molecular Dynamics. I. General Method". J. Chem. Phys. 31 (2): 459. Bibcode 1959JChPh..31..459A. doi:10.1063/1.1730376</ref>

* Householder invents his [[Householder matrix|eponymous matrices]] and [[Householder transformation|transformation method]] (voted one of the top 10 algorithms of the 20th century).<ref>{{cite journal|first=A. S. |last=Householder |title=Unitary Triangularization of a Nonsymmetric Matrix|journal=[[Journal of the ACM]]

|volume=5 |issue=4 |year=1958 |pages=339&ndash;342|doi=10.1145/320941.320947 |mr=0111128}}</ref>

* [[John G.F. Francis]] <ref>

J. G. F. Francis, "The QR Transformation, I", ''The Computer Journal'', vol. 4, no. 3, pages 265–271 (1961, received Oct 1959) [http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/4/3/265 online at oxfordjournals.org];<br>

J. G. F. Francis, "The QR Transformation, II" ''The Computer Journal'', vol. 4, no. 4, pages 332–345 (1962) [http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/4/4/332 online at oxfordjournals.org].<br></ref> and [[Vera Kublanovskaya]]<ref>Vera N. Kublanovskaya (1961), "On some algorithms for the solution of the complete eigenvalue problem," USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 1(3), pages 637–657 (1963, received Feb 1961). Also published in: Zhurnal Vychislitel'noi Matematiki i Matematicheskoi Fiziki [Journal of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics], 1(4), pages 555–570 (1961).</ref> invent [[QR factorization]] (voted one of the top 10 algorithms of the 20th century).

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==1990s==

* The appearance of the first research grids using [[volunteer computing]] – [[GIMPS]] (1996), [[distributed.net]] (1997) and [[Seti@Home]] (1999).

* [[Kepler conjecture]] is [[proof by exhaustion|almost all but certainly proved]] algorithmically by [[Thomas Callister Hales|Thomas Hales]] in 1998.

==2000s==

*In computational group theory, God's number is shown to be 20.<ref>[http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2010/09/rubiks-cube-conjecture-proven-do-we.html The Rubik's Cube Conjecture PROVEN! (Do we care?)] Wednesday, September 08, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.cube20.org God's Number is 20.]</ref>