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===Psychiatric Disorders===
Individuals who develop [[hippocampal lesions]] often fare poorly on measures of verbal declarative memory. Tests involving the recall of paragraphs or strings of words, as cited by Bremner and colleagues, illustrate a degree of dysfunction among lesion patients proportionate to the percentage of hippocampal volume and the amount of cells lost.<ref name=f>Bremner, J., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E., Southwick, S., MaGlashan, T., Nazeer, A., Khan, S., Vaccarino, V., Soufer, R., Garg, P., Chin, K., Staib, L., Duncan, J., Charney, D. (2003). MRI and PET study of deficits in hippocampal structure and function in women with childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 924-932</ref>
As precursors toward later studies that would showcase the effect of [[Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder]] (PTSD) on the human hippocampus, animal studies have broadly demonstrated a susceptibility of the mammalian hippocampus to stressors. In particular, stressed animals develop functional deficits in memory, changes in hippocampal form, and an impairment in neurogenesis, or the ability to produce new neurons.<ref name=f />
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