The Space Network communicates with spacecraft using [[S-band]], [[Ku-band]],<ref name="SNUGSNUG1">{{cite book| title =Space Network User's Guide (SNUG), 2.3, Elements of the SN | edition = Rev 9| last = NASA| first = Exploration and Space Communications Projects Division |author2=Goddard Space Flight Center | year = August 2007 | publisher = National Aeronautics and Space Administration| id =450-SNUG | pages = }}</ref> and [[Ka-band]] with planned laser/optical communications.
The Deep Space Network communicates with spacecraft using S-band, [[X-band]], and [[Ka-band]].
===Modulation===
SN uses [[Phase Shift Keying]] and [[Phase Modulation]] of the [[Carrier wave|carrier frequency]].<ref name="SNUGSNUG2">{{cite book| title =Space Network User's Guide (SNUG), 6.2 SSA Forward Services, and 6.2.3 Phase Modulation (PM) Signal Parameters| edition = Rev 9| last = NASA| first = Exploration and Space Communications Projects Division |author2=Goddard Space Flight Center | year = August 2007 | publisher = National Aeronautics and Space Administration| id =450-SNUG | pages = }}</ref>
===Encoding===
The Space Network (used for near-Earth communications) supports the following encoding schemes:<ref name="SNUGSNUG3">{{cite book| title =Space Network User's Guide (SNUGx)| edition = Rev 9| last = NASA| first = Exploration and Space Communications Projects Division |author2=Goddard Space Flight Center | year = August 2007 | publisher = National Aeronautics and Space Administration| id =450-SNUG | pages = }}</ref>
