Utente:L'inesprimibile nulla/Sandbox 2: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 11:18, 18 nov 2014

Versione delle 11:22, 18 nov 2014

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=== Materiale ===

L'anno successivo, nel [[489 a.C.]], forse in conseguenza del suo ruolo non secondario durante lo scontro, venne fatto [[arconte eponimo]], come attestato dal [[Marmor Parium]], stele che permette la ricostruzione dei più importanti eventi dell'antichità, in quanto riporta il ciclo delle [[Olimpiadi]] e il nome degli arconti ad Atene.<ref>{{cita libro|titolo=Marmor Parium|capitolo=50}}.</ref>

In 483 or 482 (according to Nepos, three years earlier) he suffered ostracism, whether from the enmities, merely, which he had incurred by his scrupulous honesty and rigid opposition to corruption, or in connexion, further, with the triumph of the maritime and democratic policy of his rival. He wrote, it is said, his own name on the sherd, at the request of an ignorant countryman, who knew him not, but took it ill that any citizen should be called just beyond his neighbours. The sentence seems to have still been in force in 480 (Hdt. 8.79 ; Dem. c. Aristog. ii. p. 802. 1. 16), when he made his way from Aegina with news of the Persian movements for Themistocles at Salamis, and called on him to be reconciled. In the battle itself he did good service by dislodging the enemy, with a band raised and armed by himself, from the islet of Psyttaleia. In 479 he was strategus, the chief, it would seem, but not the sole (Plut. Arist. 11, but comp. 16 and 20, and Herod. ix.), and to him no doubt belongs much of the glory due to the conduct of the Athenians, in war and policy, during this, the most perilous year of the contest. Their replies to the proffers of Persia and the fears of Sparta Plutarch ascribes to him expressly, and seems to speak of an extant ψήφισμα Ἀριστείδου embracing them. (100.16.) So, too, their treatment of the claims of Tegea, and the arrangements of Pausanias with regard to their post in battle. He gives him further the suppression of a Persian plot among the aristocratical Athenians, and the settlement of a quarrel for the ἀριστεῖα by conceding them to Plataea (comp. however on this second point Hdt. 9.71); finally, with better reason, the consecration of Plataea and establishment of the Eleutheria, or Feast of Freedom. On the return to Athens, Aristeides seems to have acted in cheerful concert with Themistocles, as directing the restoration of the city (Heracl. Pont. 1); as his colleague in the embassy to Sparta, that secured for it its walls; as proposing, in accordance with his policy, perhaps also in consequence of changes in property produced by the war, the measure which threw open the archonship and areiopagus to all citizens alike. In 477, as joint-commander of the Athenian contingent under Pausanias, by his own conduct and that of his colleague and disciple, Cimon, he had the glory of obtaining for Athens the command of the maritime confederacy: and to him was by general consent entrusted the task of drawing up its laws and fixing its assessments. This first φόρος of 460 talents, paid into a common treasury at Delos, bore his name, and was regarded by the allies in after times, as marking their Saturnian age. It is, unless the change in the constitution followed it, his last recorded act. He lived, Theophrastus related, to see the treasury removed to Athens, and declared it (for the bearing of the words see Thirlwall's Greece, iii. p. 47) a measure unjust and expedient. During most of this period he was, we may suppose, as Cimon's coadjutor at home, the chief political leader of Athens. He died, according to some, in Pontus, more probably, however, at home, certainly after 471, the year of the ostracism of Themistocles, and very likely, as Nepos states, in 468. (See Clinton, F. H. in the years 469, 468.)

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http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/aristide/

prima di intraprendere quella che sarebbe diventata una prestigiosa carriera di politico e generale, occupò varie cariche minori, tanto che la prima notizia biografica a suo riguardo, trasmessa dal [[Marmor Parium]], è che venne eletto [[arconte eponimo]] nell'anno [[489 a.C.]]<ref>{{cita libro|titolo=Marmor Parium|capitolo=50}}.</ref> Negli scritti [[Erodoto|erodotei]] viene descritto come il più virtuoso e più corretto tra i suoi [[Antica Atene|compatrioti]], ma anche come l'asperrimo nemico di [[Temistocle]], che riuscì a farlo [[Ostracismo|ostracizzare]], come un uomo coraggioso e generoso laddove si parla della [[battaglia di Salamina]],<ref>{{cita|Erodoto|VIII, 79, 82, 95}}.</ref> e come l'oculato condottiero che permise la vittoria greca durante la [[battaglia di Platea]].<ref>{{cita|Erodoto|IX, 28}}</ref> [[Tucidide]], che tuttavia dedica la sua [[Guerra del Peloponneso (Tucidide)|opera massima]] a un periodo ben differente, quello della [[Guerra del Peloponneso]], lo nomina in due occasioni, definendolo la prima come coambasciatore a Sparta assieme a Temistocle,<ref>{{cita|Tucidide|I, 91}}.</ref> la seconda nell'espressione "la tassazione sotto Aristide" ({{lang-grc|τὸν ἐπ̓ Ἀριστείδου φόρον}}).<ref>{{cita|Tucidide|V, 18}}.</ref> Nel suo dialogo ''[[Gorgia (dialogo)|Gorgia]]'', [[Platone]] lo addita quale esempio di una coppia di virtù secondo lui estremamente rara per i politici, quella composta da [[virtù]] e [[giustizia]], e afferma che egli, agendo in questo modo, divenne estremamente famoso, non solo localmente, ma nell'intera Grecia.<ref>{{cita libro|autore=[[Platone]]|titolo=[[Gorgia (dialogo)|Gorigia]]|capitolo=526a, b}}.</ref> Negli scritti di [[Demostene]], e più precisamente nell'opera ''Contro Aristocrate'', dove l'autore sostiene delle misure per ridurre la corruzione,<ref>{{cita libro|nome=Ernst|cognome= Badian|titolo=Demosthenes: Statesman and Orator, The Road to Prominence|città=Worthington|mese=Gennaio|anno= 2002|ISBN= 0-203-18769-5|pp=29-30}}</ref> egli viene descritto come assessore ai tributi ({{lang-grc|φόρος|phónos}}).<ref>{{cita libro|titolo=Contro Aristocrate|autore=[[Demostene]]|capitolo=689-690}}</ref> [[Eschine]] attesta in più punti, nelle opere ''Contro Timarco''<ref>{{cita libro|autore=[[Eschine]]|titolo=Contro Timarco|capitolo=IV, 1, 23}}</ref> e ''Contro Ctesifonte'',<ref>{{cita libro|autore=[[Eschine]]|titolo=Contro Ctesifonte|capitolo=LXXIX, 1, 38; XC, 11, 18-20}}</ref> il fatto che fosse noto con il soprannome di "Giusto".

http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/aristide_res-938dd803-8baa-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/