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=== Unordered partial sorting ===
123 If partial sorting is relaxed so that the ''k'' smallest elements are returned, but not in order, the factor of O(''k'' log ''k'') can be eliminated. An additional maximum selection (taking O(''k'') time) is required, but since <math>k \leq n</math>, this still yields asymptotic complexity of O(''n''). In fact, partition-based selection algorithms yield both the ''k''th smallest element itself and the ''k'' smallest elements (with other elements not in order). This can be done in O(''n'') time – average complexity of [[quickselect]], and worst-case complexity of refined partition-based selection algorithms.
Conversely, given a selection algorithm, one can easily get an unordered partial sort (''k'' smallest elements, not in order) in O(''n'') time by iterating through the list and recording all elements less than the ''k''th element. If this results in fewer than ''k'' − 1 elements, any remaining elements equal the ''k''th element. Care must be taken, due to the possibility of equality of elements: one must not include all elements less than ''or equal to'' the ''k''th element, as elements greater than the ''k''th element may also be equal to it.
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