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'''System File Checker''' is a utility in [[Microsoft Windows]] that allows users to scan for and restore corruptions in Windows system files. This utility is available on [[Windows 98]], [[Windows 2000]] and all subsequent versions of [[Windows NT]] family of operating systems. In [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]], System File Checker is integrated with [[Windows Resource Protection]], which protects [[Windows Registry|registry]] keys and folders as well as critical system files. Under Windows Vista, <code>sfc.exe</code> can be used to check specific folder paths, including the Windows folder and the boot folder.
[[Windows File Protection]] works by registering for notification of file changes in [[Winlogon]]. If any changes are detected to a protected system file, the modified file is restored from a cached copy located in a compressed folder at <code>%WinDir%\System32\dllcache</code>. [[Windows Resource Protection]] (WRP) works by setting discretionary access control lists (DACLs) and [[access control list]]s (ACLs) defined for protected resources. Permission for full access to modify WRP-protected resources is restricted to the processes using the ''Windows Modules Installer service'' (<code>TrustedInstaller.exe</code>). Administrators no longer have full rights to system files.
==History==
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sfc /scannow
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If it finds a problem, it will attempt to replace the problematic files from the ''DLL Cache'' (<code>%WinDir%\System32\Dllcache\</code>). If the file is not in the DLL Cache or the DLL Cache is corrupted, the user will be prompted to insert the Windows installation media or provide the network installation path. System File Checker determines the Windows installation source path from the registry values <code>SourcePath</code> and <code>ServicePackSourcePath</code>. <ref> [http://support.microsoft.com/kb/885522 System File Checker does not accept a network ___location that contains the installer CD when you use the scannow switch in Windows XP SP2 or in Windows Server 2003] </ref> It may keep prompting for the installation media even if the user supplies it if these values are not correctly set. <ref> [http://support.microsoft.com/kb/900910 You are prompted to insert a Windows XP SP2 CD when you try to run the System File Checker tool on a Windows XP SP2-based computer] </ref>
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In cases where the component store is corrupted, a tool called CheckSUR can be installed on Windows Vista and 7, which checks the store against its own payload and repairs the corruptions that it detects. Windows 8 and later integrate the functionality of CheckSUR into [[Deployment Image Service and Management Tool|DISM]].
==References==
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