Impero nomade: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 23:44, 27 nov 2014

Versione delle 00:15, 28 nov 2014

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[[Immagine:Mongol Empire map.gif|thumb|Espansione dell'Impero mongolo]]

L'Impero mongolo è stato al suo acme il più grande impero della storia per estensione e contiguità di territori, con una popolazione stimata di oltre 100 milioni di abitanti. L'Impero fu fondato da [[Genghis Khan]] nel 1206 e al suo apice comprendeva la maggioranza dei territori che si estendono tra il [[Sudest asiatico]] e l'[[Europa orientale]].

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After unifying the [[Mongol]]–[[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] tribes, the Empire expanded through conquests throughout continental [[Eurasia]]. During its existence, the [[Pax Mongolica]] facilitated cultural exchange and trade on the [[Silk Route]] between the [[Eastern world|East]], [[Western world|West]], and the [[Middle East]] in the period of the 13th and 14th centuries. It had significantly eased [[communication]] and [[commerce]] across [[Asia]] during its height.<ref>Gregory G.Guzman - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1988.tb00759.x/abstract|Were the barbarians a negative or positive factor in ancient and medieval history?], The historian 50 (1988), 568-70</ref><ref>Thomas T.Allsen - [http://books.google.de/books/about/Culture_and_Conquest_in_Mongol_Eurasia.html?id=0StLNcKQNUoC&redir_esc=y|Culture and conquest in Mongol Eurasia], 211</ref>

AfterDopo unifyingaver theunificato le tribù [[MongolPopolazioni turche|turco]]–-[[Turkic peoplesMongoli|Turkicmongole]] tribes, thel'Impero Empiresi expandedespanse throughgrazie conquestsa throughoutconquiste realizzate in continentaltutta l'[[Eurasia]]. DuringNel itscorso existencedella sua esistenza, thela [[''Pax Mongolica]]'' facilitatedfacilitò culturalscambi exchangeculturali ande tradecommerciali onlungo thela [[SilkVia Routedella Seta]] betweentra the [[Easternl'Oriente, world|East]]l'Occidente, il [[WesternVicino worldOriente|WestVicino]], ande theil [[MiddleMedio EastOriente]] innel thecorso perioddel of[[XIII thesecolo|XIII]] 13the and[[XIV 14th centuriessecolo]]. ItEsso hadagevolò significantlynotevolmente easedle [[communication]]comunicazioni ande [[commerce]]il commercio acrossattraverso [[l'Asia]] duringquando itsera heightal suo apice.<ref>Gregory G. Guzman - [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1988.tb00759.x/abstract|Were the barbarians a negative or positive factor in ancient and medieval history?], ''The historian'', 50 (1988), pp. 568-70</ref> <ref>Thomas T. Allsen - [http://books.google.de/books/about/Culture_and_Conquest_in_Mongol_Eurasia.html?id=0StLNcKQNUoC&redir_esc=y|Culture and conquest in Mongol Eurasia], 211</ref>

After the death of [[Möngke Khan]] in 1259, the empire split into four parts ([[Yuan Dynasty]], [[Il-Khanate|Il-Khans]], [[Chagatai Khanate]] and [[Golden Horde]]), each of which was ruled by its own [[Khan (title)|Khan]], though the Yuan rulers had nominal title of Khagan. After the disintegration of the western khanates and the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in China in 1368, the empire finally broke up.

Dopo la morte di [[Möngke Khan]] nel 1259, l'Impero si divise in quattro parti ([[dinastia Yuan]], [[Ilkhanato]], [[Chagatai|Khanato chagatai]] e [[Orda d'Oro]]), ognuna delle quali era governata da un proprio [[Khan]], sebbene gli Yuan non avessero il titolo di Khagan. Dopo la disintegrazione dei [[Canato|Khanati]] occidentali e la caduta della dinastia Yuan in Cina nel 1368, l'Impero infine finì.

===Timurid Empire===

{{main|Timurid Empire}}

[[Image:Mongol dominions.jpg|thumb|Timurid continental map]]

===Impero timuride===

The [[Timurids]], self-designated Gurkānī, were a [[Turco-Mongol|Turko-Mongol]] dynasty, established by the warlord [[Timur]] in 1370 and lasting until 1506. At its zenith, the Timurid Empire included the whole of [[Central Asia]], [[Iran]] and modern [[Afghanistan]], as well as large parts of [[Mesopotamia]] and the [[Caucasus]].

{{main|Impero timuride}}

[[ImageImmagine:Mongol dominions.jpg|thumb|TimuridMappa continentalcontinentale mapdell'Impero timuride]]

I [[Timuridi]], che si definivano però Gurkānī, furono una dinastia turco-mongola, instaurata dal "Signore della guerra" Timur ([[Tamerlano]]) nel 1370 e che durarono fino al 1506. Al loro [[zenith]], l'Impero timuride includeva l'intera Asia centrale, l'[[Iran]] e il moderno [[Afghanistan]], come pure grandi parti della [[Mesopotamia]] e del [[Caucaso]].

==Dzungars==

{{main|Zunghar Khanate}}

==Zungari==

{{main|Canato di Zungaria}}

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The [[Dzungars]] were a confederation of several [[Oirats|Oirat]] (or Western Mongol) tribes who formed and maintained the last horse archer empire from the early 17th century to the middle 18th century. They emerged in the early 17th century to fight the [[Altan Khan of the Khalkha]], the [[Jasaghtu Khan]] and their [[Manchu]] patrons for dominion and control over the Mongolian people and territories. In 1756 this last nomadic power was dissolved due to the Oirat princes' succession struggle and costly war with the [[Qing Dynasty]].