Logical Framework Approach: Difference between revisions

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{{about|the management tool|the automated theorem proving approach|logical framework}}

The '''Logical Framework Approach (LFA)''' is a management toolmethodology mainly used for designing, [[Monitoring and Evaluation|monitoring, and evaluating]] [[international development]] projects. Variations of this tool are known as '''Goal Oriented Project Planning (GOPP)''' or '''Objectives Oriented Project Planning (OOPP)'''.

==Background==

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It has been widely used by multilateral donor organizations, such as [[Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo|AECID]], [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit|GIZ]], [[Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency|SIDA]], [[Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation|NORAD]], [[DFID]], [[Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation|SDC]], [[UNDP]], [[European Commission|EC]] and the [[Inter-American Development Bank]]. Some [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations]] offer LFA training to ground-level field staff.<ref>[http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/CARR/pdf/R&R-24-Winter-2012.pdf Fernando, Renuka. "Getting on With It: Monitoring and Evaluation in the Third Sector" Risk and Regulation. London School of Economics. Winter 2012.]</ref> It has also gained popularity in the private sector.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} Terry Schmidt has been active in extending the LFA.{{Ciation needed|date = January 2015}}

TheAlthough Logicalit Frameworkis Approachmore continuesthan to40 gainyears adherentsold, thoughthe itLogical isFramework aApproach managementcontinues toolto inventedgain more than 40 years agoadherents. This phenomenon has been the subject of several doctoral theses.{{Citation needed|date = January 2015}}

In the 1990s, it was often mandatory for aid organizations to use the LFA method in their project proposals. However, its use has become increasingly optional in recent years.{{Citation needed|date = January 2015}}

The Logical Framework Approach is sometimes confused with Logical Framework (LF or Log frame). The Logical Framework Approach is a project design methodology, whereas the Logical Frame is a document.

==Description==

The Logical Framework Approach takes the form of a four-by-four project table. The four rows describe four differentrepresent types of events that take place as a project is implemented: ''Activities'', ''Outputs'', ''Purpose'' and ''Goal'' (from bottom to top on the left hand side — see EC web site under external links). The four columns provide differentrepresent types of information about the events in each row. The first column is used to provide: a ''Narrative'' description of the event. The second column lists one or more, ''Objectively Verifiable Indicators'' (OVIs) of these events taking place. The third column describes the, ''Means of Verification'' (MoV) where information will be available on the OVIs, and the fourth column lists the ''Assumptions''. Assumptions are external factors that could have an influence, whether positive or negative, on the events described in the narrative column. The list of assumptions should include the factors that have a potentialmay impact on the project's success of the project, but which cannot be directly controlled by the project or program managers. In some cases, these may include what could be ''killer assumptions'', which if proved wronginvalid will have major negative consequences for the project. A good project design should be able to substantiate its assumptions, especially those with a high potential to have a negative impact.

===Temporal logic model===