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In animals, IP injection is used predominantly in veterinary medicine and animal testing for the administration of systemic drugs and fluids due to the ease of administration compared with other [[parenteral]] methods.{{ref-needed|date=April 2015}}
In humans, the method is widely used to administer [[chemotherapy]] drugs to treat some [[cancer]]s, in particular [[ovarian cancer]]. Fluids are injected intraperitoneally in infants. This route is also used for peritonial dialysis. Although controversial, this specific use has been recommended as a [[standard of care]].<ref name="pmid18006894">{{cite journal
| author = Swart AM, Burdett S, Ledermann J, Mook P, Parmar MK
| title = Why i.p. therapy cannot yet be considered as a standard of care for the first-line treatment of ovarian cancer: a systematic review
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