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Later research suggested that search rankings impact virtually all issues on which people are initially undecided around the world. Search results that favour one point of view tip the opinions of those who are undecided on an issue. In another experiment, biased search results shifted people’s opinions about the value of [[Hydraulic fracturing|fracking]] by 33.9 per cent.<ref name=":1" />
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A second experiment involved 2,000 eligible, undecided voters throughout India during the 2014 [[Lok Sabha]] election. The subjects were familiar with the candidates and were being bombarded with campaign rhetoric. Search rankings could boost the proportion of people favoring any candidate by more than 20 percent and more than 60 percent in some demographic groups.<ref name="poli" />▼
In April 2015, [[Hillary Clinton]] hired [[Stephanie Hannon]] from Google to be her [[chief technology officer]] In 2015 [[Eric Schmidt]], chairman of Google's holding company started a company – The Groundwork – for the specific purpose of electing Clinton. [[Julian Assange]], founder of [[WikiLeaks]], called Google her ‘secret weapon’. Researchers estimated that Google could help her win the nomination and could deliver between 2.6 and 10.4 million general election votes to Clinton via SEME. No evidence documents any such effort, although since search results are ephemeral, evidence could only come via a Google [[whistleblower]] or a external [[hacker]].<ref name=":1" />▼
▲A second experiment involved 2,000 eligible, undecided voters throughout India during the 2014 [[Lok Sabha]] election. The subjects were familiar with the candidates and were being bombarded with campaign rhetoric. Search rankings could boost the proportion of people favoring any candidate by more than 20 percent and more than 60 percent in some demographic groups.<ref name=poli/>
=== United Kingdom ===
A UK experiment was conducted with nearly 4,000 people just before the 2015 national elections examined ways to prevent manipulation. Randomizing the rankings or including alerts that identify bias had some suppressive effects.<ref name="poli" />
== European antitrust lawsuit ==
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Google executives [[Larry Page]] and [[Marissa Mayer]], among others, privately advocated for favoring Google’s own services, even if its algorithms deemed that information less relevant or useful.<ref name=":0" />
[[Google]] acknowledges adjusting its algorithm 600 times a year, but does not disclose the substance of its changes.<ref name="poli" />
== 2016 Presidential election ==
▲In April 2015, [[Hillary Clinton]] hired [[Stephanie Hannon]] from Google to be her [[chief technology officer]] In 2015 [[Eric Schmidt]], chairman of Google's holding company started a company – The Groundwork – for the specific purpose of electing Clinton. [[Julian Assange]], founder of [[WikiLeaks]], called Google her ‘secret weapon’. Researchers estimated that Google could help her win the nomination and could deliver between 2.6 and 10.4 million general election votes to Clinton via SEME. No evidence documents any such effort, although since search results are ephemeral, evidence could only come via a Google [[whistleblower]] or a external [[hacker]].<ref name=":1" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
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