PRECEDE–PROCEED model: Difference between revisions

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The '''PRECEDE–PROCEED model''' is a cost–benefit evaluation framework proposed in 1974 by Dr. [[Lawrence W. Green]], that can help health program planners, policy makers, and other evaluators analyze situations and design health programs efficiently.<ref name="Green74">Green, L.W. (1974). Toward cost–benefit evaluations of health education: some concepts, methods, and examples. ''Health Education Monographs'' 2 (Suppl. 2): 34–64.</ref> It provides a comprehensive structure for assessing health and quality of life needs, and for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion and other public health programs to meet those needs.<ref name="Green05">Green, L., Kreuter, M. (2005). ''Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach''. 4th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill</ref><ref name="Gielen08">Gielen, A.C., McDonald, E.M., Gary, T.L., and Bone, L.R. (2008). Using the PRECEDE/PROCEED Model to Apply Health Behavior Theories. In K. Glanz, F.M. B. K. Rimer, & K. Viswanath, (Eds.), ''Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice''. 4th edition, pp. 407–433. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass</ref><ref name="Freire06">Freire, K., and Runyan, C.W. (2006). Planning Models: PRECEDE–PROCEED and Haddon Matrix. In A. C. Gielen, D. A. Sleet, and R. J. DiClemente (Eds.) ''Injury and Violence Prevention: Behavioral Science Theories, Methods, and Applications''. 1st edition, pp. 127–158. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass</ref> One purpose and guiding principle of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model is to direct initial attention to outcomes, rather than inputs. It guides planners through a process that starts with desired outcomes and then works backwards in the causal chain to identify a mix of strategies for achieving those objectives.<ref name="Glanz05">Glanz, K. and Rimer, B. (2005). ''Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Health Promotion Practice'', 2nd Edition. Publication Number: T052. NIH Number: 05-3896. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute. Accessed on June 26, 2011 at [http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/theory.pdf]</ref> A fundamental assumption of the model is the active participation of its intended audience – that is, that the participants ("consumers") will take an active part in defining their own problems, establishing their goals, and developing their solutions.<ref name="Green05" />

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== Description of the model ==

The PRECEDE–PROCEED planning model consists of four planning phases, one implementation phase, and 3 evaluation phases.<ref name="Green05" /><ref name="Gielen08" /><ref name="Glanz05" />

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* Green L, Kreuter M. (1991). ''Health promotion planning: An educational and environmental approach''. 2nd edition. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company

::* The second edition of the book where the model’smodel's application was expanded from PRECEDE to PROCEED with the addition of the policy, regulatory, and organizational aspects of planning for environmental changes that took health promotion beyond a narrower understanding of health education

* Green L, Kreuter M. (1999). ''Health promotion planning: An educational and ecological approach''. 3rd edition. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company

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* Green L, Kreuter M. (2005). ''Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach''. 4th edition. New York, NY: McGrawhill.

::* A 2002/2003 IOM report on the Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century <ref>IOM. (2002). ''The future of the public's health in the 21st century''. Washington DC: National Academies Press</ref> urged more expanded application and teaching of ecological and participatory approaches in public health, which are the two cornerstones of the "educational and ecological approach" of PRECEDE–PROCEED planning. This latest edition sought to respond to the challenges of the IOM report and expand the scope of this PRECEDE–PROCEED model as an educational and ecological approach to broader public health and population health planning.

::* With recent advances in the genetic field and the increasing attention public health is giving to genetic factors, another significant addition was the inclusion of a specific place for genetic factors, alongside the environmental and behavioral determinants of health.

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* [http://www.enotes.com/public-health-encyclopedia/precede-proceed-model How does the Precede–Proceed Model provide a structure for assessing health and quality-of-life needs?]

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{{Public health}}

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[[Category:Health promotion]]

[[Category:Public health education]]