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== Pseudocode ==
The above steps can be summarized as the below [[pseudocode]]. <ref name=ICA_2014_Survey/> <ref name=ica_en_2010_jnl_nazari_integrated_product_mix_outsourcing/>
0) Define objective function: <math>f(\mathbf{x}), \quad \mathbf{x}=(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_d); \, </math>
1) Initialization of the algorithm. Generate some random solution in the search space and create initial empires.
ICA is used to solve different optimization problems in various areas of engineering and science. The following are some of the applications of this algorithm.
* Designing controller for industrial systems<ref name=ica_en_2008_en_conf_rajabioun_decentralized_pid_controller_design_mimo_evaporator/><ref name=ica_en_2008_jnl_atashpaz_ijicc_pid_mimo_distillation_column_process/><ref name=ica_en_2008_jnl_atashpaz_ijicc_pid_mimo_distillation_column_process/><ref name=ica_en_2007_cnf_atashpaz_optimal_pid_controller_isfs2007/><ref name=ica_en_2008_en_bchtr_rajabioun_nash_equilibrium_point_achievement/><ref name=ica_en_2009_jnl_atashpaz_decentralized_pid_controller_optimal_shrinkage_gershgorin_bands/>
* Designing Intelligent Recommender Systems<ref name=ica_en_2008_cnf_sepehrirad_recommender_systems/>
* Fuzzy ICA<ref name=Fuzzy_ICA_2014_NC/>
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=ica_moslem_2011>
|volume= 7
|pages= 4661–4666
}}
</ref>
<ref name=Fuzzy_and_Intelligent_Systems_2008>
{{cite conference
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|first1= A.
|last2= Atashpaz-Gargari
|first2= E.
|last3= Lucas
|first3= C.
|title= Vehicle fuzzy controller design using imperialist competitive algorithm
|booktitle= Second First Iranian Joint Congress on Fuzzy and Intelligent Systems
|year= 2008
|volume=
|pages=
}}
</ref>
|year=2008
|pages=9952–9957
}}
</ref>
<ref name=ica_en_2008_jnl_atashpaz_ijicc_pid_mimo_distillation_column_process>
{{cite journal
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|first1= E.
|last2= Hashemzadeh
|first2= F.
|last3= Rajabioun
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|last4= Lucas
|first4= C.
|title= Colonial competitive algorithm: A novel approach for PID controller design in MIMO distillation column process
|journal= International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics
|year= 2008
|volume= 1
|issue= 3
|pages= 337–355
|doi=10.1108/17563780810893446
}}
</ref>
|booktitle= Seventh International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technologies
|year= 2009
}}
</ref>
<ref name=ica_en_2008_en_bchtr_rajabioun_nash_equilibrium_point_achievement>
{{cite journal
|last1= Rajabioun
|first1= R.
|last2= Atashpaz-Gargari
|first2= E.
|last3= Lucas
|first3= C.
|title= Colonial Competitive Algorithm as a Tool for Nash Equilibrium Point Achievement
|journal= Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
|year= 2008
|pages= 680–695
}}
</ref>
| 