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==Steiermark==
In the tenth century a part of Styria was separated from Carinthia under the name of the Carinthian Mark; it was also named the Windic March. The margraves ruling the mark took from the name of the fortified castle of Steier the title of Margraves of Steiermark, and the country received its German name. During the reign of Margrave Ottokar II (1164-92) Styria was raised to a duchy by the Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]], in 1180. With the death of Ottokar the first line of rulers of Styria became extinct; the region fell successively to the [[Babenberg]] family, [[rulers of Austria]], as stipulated in the [[Georgenberg Pact]]; after their extinction to the control of Hungary (1254-60); to King [[Premysl Ottokar II|Ottokar of Bohemia]]; in 1276 to the [[Habsburgs]], who provided it with Habsburgs for Styrian dukes during the years 1379-1439 and 1564-1619. At the time of the Turkish invasions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the land suffered severely and was depopulated. The Turks made incursions into Styria nearly twenty times; churches, monasteries, cities, and villages were destroyed and plundered, while the population was either killed or carried away into slavery.
==Counter-Reformation in Styria==
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